模拟试题一
Model Test One
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example：
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.
B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.
D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.He is bothered by the pain in his neck.
B.He cannot do his report without a computer.
C.He cannot afford to have a coffee break.
D.He feels sorry to have missed the report.
2.A.The man should keep his words.
B.She regrets asking the man for help.
C.Karen always supports her at work.
D.Karen can take her to the airport.
3.A.The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.
B.The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.
C.The injury will confne Anna to bed for quite a while.
D.The doctor’s therapy has been very successful.
4.A.Arranging a bed for a patient.
B.Rescuing the woman’s uncle.
C.A complicated surgical case.
D.Preparations for an operation.
5.A.She has to receive training frst.
B.That’s her choice to do what she wants.
C.She should do so after consulting her husband.
D.She becomes an extreme feminist.
6.A.She agrees to work with him.
B.She offers to do the assignment for him.
C.She thinks it’s too late to help him.
D.The assignment can be completed without joint effort.
7.A.6.5%.B.5.85%.C.5%.D.19%.
8.A.A section of the motorway has been open to traffc.
B.No person has been reported to be dead.
C.A coach collided with a lawyer.
D.There has been a serious car accident on the road.
9.A.This year’s shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.
B.The shuttle fight will be broadcast live worldwide.
C.The man is excited at the news of the shuttle fight.
D.The man is well informed about the space shuttle.
10.A.She phoned Fred about the book.
B.She was late for the appointment.
C.She ran into Fred on her way here.
D.She often keeps other people waiting.
11.A.The room is neat and tidy.
B.The weather is under bad condition.
C.He was in low spirit.
D.He is not quite himself.
12.A.He believes the cost is too much.
B.He thinks the headmaster has no enough money to run the school.
C.He thinks the tuition is reasonable.
D.He thinks the tuition is beyond his limit.
13.A.The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.
B.Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.
C.The woman should spend more time outdoors.
D.People tend to work longer hours with artifcial lighting.
14.A.He agreed that before his recovery；he shouldn’t drink much.
B.A large glass of brandy may cure him.
C.He asked the woman to repeat what she said.
D.He can drink wine but not brandy.
15.A.She has completely recovered.
B.She went into shock after an operation.
C.She is still in a critical condition.
D.She is getting much better.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.He wanted to have a cavity flled.
B.He needed to have a tooth pulled.
C.He came in for a dental check-up and leaning.
D.He came to see a friend.
17.A.The man has discolored teeth.
B.The man has a chipped front tooth.
C.The man has a chipped back tooth.
D.The man has a decayed back tooth.
18.A.Doing a root canal.B.Putting a flling in.
C.Pulling the tooth.D.Putting a crown on the tooth.
19.A.High-strength silver alloy.B.Porcelain.
C.Steel.D.Iron.
20.A.She forgot to use anything.B.She used something to ease the pain.
C.She asked the man to grin.D.She used high-strength flling.
Passage Two
21.A.Why certain people are aging sooner than others.
B.How to make people live longer.
C.The size of certain people’s brains.
D.Which people are most intelligent.
22.A.A survey of farmers in northern Japan.
B.Tests performed on a thousand old people.
C.The study of brain volumes of different people.
D.The latest development of computer technology.
23.A.Our brains shrink as we grow older.
B.Sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds.
C.The front section of the brain does not shrink.
D.Some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s.
24.A.Thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.
B.Blood circulation can prevent the brain from shrinking.
C.Conversation can prevent the brain from shrinking.
D.The fresh oxygen can prevent the brain from shrinking.
25.A.Lawyers.B.Clerks.C.Farmers.D.Shop assistants.
Passage Three
26.A.To stay in a very warm room with a lot of people.
B.To expose oneself to severe weather.
C.To play outdoors long when it is snowing.
D.To wait for a bus on a cold and windy day.
27.A.You’ll catch a cold sooner or later.
B.You’ve already come down with a cold.
C.There are viruses hidden in your body.
D.The room is not warm enough for your health.
28.A.It is generally believed that colds are caused by exposure to cold weather.
B.Most colds are“caught”by hand contact.
C.Cold virus will keep alive for several hours once it leaves human body.
D.Cold virus can spread around only through the air.
29.A.Wash our hands frequently.
B.Never rub our nose or eyes.
C.Throw away tissues immediately after use.
D.Shake hands with our friends instead of kissing them.
30.A.A cold-sufferer is staying with him in the same room.
B.The viruses have been exposed to the air for over 3 hours.
C.He dropped in a warm room.
D.He shakes hands with a cold-sufferer.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.His ideas are invariably condemned as____by his colleagues.
A.imaginative B.ingenious C.impractical D.theoretical
32.The majority of nurses are women，but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a____.
A.minority B.scarcity C.rarity D.minimum
33.Professor Johnson’s retirement____from next January.
A.carries into effect B.takes effect
C.has effect D.puts into effect
34.Mr.Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will.
A.pull back B.pull up C.pull through D.pull out
35.Since the early nineties，the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand，always-available products and services that suit the customer’s____rather than the company’s.
A.beneft B.availability C.suitability D.convenience
36.This spacious room is____furnished with just a few articles in it.
A.lightly B.sparsely C.hardly D.rarely
37.Since she suffered brain damage in the accident，she’s just been a.
A.vegetable B.vegetarian C.encephalopathy D.autistic
38.Urgent measures should be taken to control the____of the disease.
A.distribution B.dissemination C.dispersion D.dissipation
39.Overdose of sleeping pills can be____so the prescription of them is limited.
A.deadly B.fatal C.lethal D.hazard
40.Major health systems act as specialized hospitals____patients are referred for sophisticated therapy.
A.to which B.in whic hC.at which D.in that
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.Let’s meet halfway and each pay half the damage.
A.meet on the road B.quarrel
C.go Dutch D.compromise
42.The leopard is stronger than any other of the great predators.
A.animals that live on land B.animals that eat other animals
C.animals that eat grass D.wild animals
43.The hunters use wooden ducks as decoys to attract the fock.
A.toys B.lures C.targets D.inducements
44.Diligent police work should help clear crime.
A.erect B.establish C.remove D.eradicate
45.Her generosity is one of her most pleasing traits.
A.merits B.shortcomings C.characteristics D.measures
46.Many of these writers used to study in writing clinics.
A.hospitals B.circles C.workshops D.frms
47.My brain may be old，but it is not addled.
A.confused B.rotten C.stupid D.disorder
48.I try to be broadminded but do feel antipathy toward people who are dirty and untidy.
A.sympathy B.dislike C.antiquity D.regard
49.It was his frm conviction that every effort should be made to preserve world peace.
A.doubt B.belief C.persuasion D.enthusiasm
50.The boy showed cleverness in making toys out of scraps of discarded wood.
A.ingenuity B.generosity C.frankness D.skillfulness
Part ⅢCloze（10%）
Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem.And too many people are using 51 therapies，even while there are a few treatments that do work.Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or 52 a pill，hoping it will make them sleepy.But experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea， and the causes of chronic insomnia remain 53 .
Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping， and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime 54 that signal true insomnia.But 55 the complaints，scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia，its health consequences and how best to treat it，a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday.The panel called for a broad range of research into insomnia， 56 that if scientists understood its 57 causes，they could develop better treatments.
Most，but not all，insomnia is thought to accompany other health problems，from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease.The question often is whether the insomnia came frst or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping 58 complicates those other problems. Other diseases aside，the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more common among women，especially after their 50s.Smoking， caffeine and numerous 59 drugs also affect sleep.
The NIH is spending about$200 million this year on sleep-related research，some 60 to specific disorders and others examining the underlying scientifc laws that control the nervous system of sleep.The agency was awaiting the panel’s review before deciding what additional work should be directed at insomnia.
51.A.unknown B.improper
C.unproven D.uncertain
52.A.prescribe B.pop
C.abuse D.experiment
53.A.anonymous B.mysterious
C.unexpected D.peculiar
54.A.defciency B.ineffciency
C.malignancy D.impairment
55.A.for all B.due to
C.in addition to D.in that(https://www.daowen.com)
56.A.noting B.notifying
C.nominating D.denoting
57.A.undertaking B.underlining
C.undermining D.underlying
58.A.in short B.in essence
C.in turn D.in case
59.A.subscription B.ascription
C.conscription D.prescription
60.A.targeted B.designated
C.aimed D.designed
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
In the idealized version of how science is done，facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientifc method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science，discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective，but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest infuence what we experience，what we think our experiences mean，and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation，error，and self-deception abound.
Consequently，discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims，they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process，through which the individual researcher’s me，here，now becomes the community’s anyone，anywhere，anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal，not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public，the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But，unlike with mining claims，the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientifc community，researchers make discoveries；editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process；other scientists use the new fnding to suit their own purposes；and fnally，the public（including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works it through the community，the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First，scientifc work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confrmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search，not re-search. Not surprisingly，newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modifcation or refutation by future researchers. Second，novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”. But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end，credibility“happens”to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together，challenge，revise，and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”
61.According to the frst paragraph，the process of discovery is characterized by its____.
A.uncertainty and complexity
B.misconception and deceptiveness
C.logicality and objectivity
D.systematicness and regularity
62.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires____.
A.strict inspection
B.shared efforts
C.individual wisdom
D.persistent innovation
63.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it____.
A.has attracted the attention of the general public
B.has been examined by the scientifc community
C.has received recognition from editors and reviewers
D.has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
64.Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that____.
A.scientifc claims will survive challenges
B.discoveries today inspire future research
C.efforts to make discoveries are justifed
D.scientifc work calls for a critical mind
65.Which of the following would be the best title of the test？
A.Novelty as an Engine of Scientifc Development
B.Collective Scrutiny in Scientifc Discovery
C.Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science
D.Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science
Passage Two
It is a wise father that knows his own child，but today a man can boost his paternal（fatherly）wisdom—or at least confrm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell out$30 for a paternity testing kit（PTK）at his local drugstore—and another$120 to get the results.
More than 60，000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year，according to Doug Fogg，chief operating offcer of Identigene，which makes the over-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public，ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2，500.
Among the most popular：paternity and kinship testing，which adopted children can use to fnd their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.DNA testing is also the latest rage among many passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical.“There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing，”says Troy Duster，a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage，either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA，which is passed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors，even though，for example，just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or，four generations back，14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others，so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results.In addition，the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
66.In Paragraphs 1 and 2，the text shows PTK’s____.
A.easy availability B.fexibility in pricing
C.successful promotion D.popularity with households
67.PTK is used to____.
A.locate one’s birth place B.promote genetic research
C.identify parent-child kinship D.choose children for adoption
68.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to____.
A.trace distant ancestors B.rebuild reliable bloodlines
C.fully use genetic information D.achieve the claimed accuracy
69.In the last paragraph，a problem commercial genetic testing faces is____.
A.disorganized data collection B.overlapping database building
C.excessive sample comparison D.lack of patent evaluation
70.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be____.
A.Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing B.DNA Testing and Its Problems
C.DNA Testing Outside the Lab D.Lies Behind DNA Testing
Passage Three
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage.Many women，according to this hypothesis，would rather work than marry.The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage.In the past，only the earnings and fnancial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now，however，the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner.Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead.As the economy rebounds，the number of marriages also rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet，it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions.The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions.The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.But the reverse is equally plausible.Tensions grounded in fnancial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage.Given high unemployment，infationary problems，and slow growth in real earnings，a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing fnancial burdens.By raising a family’s standard of living，a working wife may strengthen her family’s fnancial and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered.For example，a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house.She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.On the other hand，if she can fnd fulfllment through work outside the home，work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also，a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that，in most cases， men have remained the main breadwinners.With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family.A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house.Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions，it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
71.The word“portend”（Line 1，Para.1）is closest in meaning to“____”.
A.defy B.signal C.suffer from D.result from
72.It is said in the passage that when the economy slides____，.
A.men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B.more women would get married to seek fnancial security
C.even working women would worry about their marriages
D.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
73.If women fnd fulfllment through work outside the home，____.
A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B.their husbands are expected to do more housework
C.their marriage ties can be strengthened
D.they tend to put their career before marriage
74.One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that____.
A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C.they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D.they tend to suspect their husbands loyalty to their marriage
75.Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in the passage？
A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may refect the economic situation of the country.
B.Even when economically independent，most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.
D.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
Passage Four
Auctions are public sales of goods，conducted by an offcially approved auctioneer.He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale.He encourages buyers to bid higher fgures and fnally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.This is called“knocking down”the goods，for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.
The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “autic”，meaning“increase”.The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war；these sales were called“sub hasta”，meaning“under the spear”，a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather.In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold“by the candle”；a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.
Practically all goods can be sold by auction.Among these are coffee，skins，wool，tea，cocoa，furs， fruit，vegetables and wines.Auction sales are also usual for land and property，antique furniture，pictures， rare books，old china and works of art.The auction rooms at Chritie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous.
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers.If the advertisement cannot give full details，catalogues are printed，and each group of goods to be sold together，called a“lot”，is usually given a number.The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order；he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for.The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.
76.Auctioned goods are sold____.
A.for the highest price offered
B.at fxed prices
C.at prices lower than their true value
D.at prices offered by the auctioneer
77.The end of bidding is called“knocking down”because____.
A.the auctioneer knocks on the table
B.the auctioneers names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods
C.the goods are knocked down onto the table
D.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer
78.In the sentence“The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war，”the word“spoils”most probably means____.
A.useless goods
B.spears
C.various kinds of food
D.property taken from the enemy
79.In England a candle used to burn at auction sales____.
A.because the auction sales took place at night
B.as a signal for the crowd to gather
C.to keep the auction room warm
D.to limit the time when offers of prices could be made
80.An auction catalogue gives buyers____.
A.the current market values of the goods
B.details of the goods to be sold
C.the order in which goods are to be sold
D.free admission to the auction sale
Passage Five
Conventional wisdom about confict seems pretty much cut and dried.Too little confict breeds apathy（冷漠）and stagnation（呆滞）.Too much confict leads to divisiveness（分裂）and hostility.Moderate levels of confict，however，can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R.Schwenk，however，suggests that the optimal level of confict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations.He studied perceptions of confict among a sample of executives.Some of the executives worked for proft-seeking organizations and others for not-for-proft organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly，Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization.Specifically，managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that confict was benefcial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of confict.
Managers of for-proft organizations saw a different picture.They believed that confict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations.Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives.In the proft-seeking organizations，decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in fnancial terms.The executives believed that consensus rather than confict enhanced fnancial indicators.
In the not-for-proft organizations，decision-making effectiveness was defned from the perspective of satisfying constituents.Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that confict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
81.In the eyes of the author，conventional opinion on confict is____.
A.wrong B.oversimplifed
C.misleading D.unclear
82.Professor Charles R.Schwenk’s research shows____.
A.the advantages and disadvantages of confict
B.the real value of confict
C.the diffculty in determining the optimal level of confict
D.the complexity of defning the roles of confict
83.We can learn from Schwenk’s research that____.
A.a person’s view of confict is infuenced by the purpose of his organization
B.confict is necessary for managers of for-proft organizations
C.different people resolve conficts in different ways
D.it is impossible for people to avoid confict
84.The passage suggests that in for-proft organizations____.
A.there is no end of confict
B.expression of different opinions is encouraged
C.decisions must be justifable
D.success lies in general agreement
85.People working in a not-for-proft organization____.
A.seem to be diffcult to satisfy
B.are free to express diverse opinions
C.are less effective in making decisions
D.fnd it easier to reach agreement
Passage Six
In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors.There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
Amazingly，these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community.A new study by Dan Farmer，a gifted programmer，using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN，shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up homes without ftting locks to their doors.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in.Farmer has made the program publicly available，amid much criticism.A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle.
But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and，so far，events have proved him right.SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.
So is the Net becoming more secure？Far from it.In the early days，when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content.Now the Web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page，and run on your own machine.These programs could，if their authors wished，do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.
At the same time，the Net is increasingly populated with spiders，worms，agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information.All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage.
But let’s look on the bright side.Given the lack of locks，the Internet is surely the world’s biggest （almost）crime-free society.Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest.Or that there currently isn’t much to steal.Or because vandalism isn’t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.
Whatever the reason，let’s enjoy it while we can.But expect it all to change，and security to become the number one issue，when the most infuential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.
86.By saying“…owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up homes without ftting locks to their doors”（Lines 3-4，Para.2），the author means that____.
A.those happy times appear still to be with us
B.there simply wasn’t any crime to worry about
C.many sites are not well-protected
D.hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in
87.SATAN，a program designed by Dan Farmer can be used____.
A.to investigate the security of Internet sites
B.to improve the security of the Internet system
C.to prevent hackers from breaking into websites
D.to download useful programs and information
88.Farmer’s program has been criticized by the public because____.
A.it causes damage to Net browsers
B.it can break into Internet sites
C.it can be used to cause disorder on all sites
D.it can be used by people with evil intent
89.After you look at a Web page，some small new programs can run on your computer because____.
A.you download them from the page B.they are downloaded by themselves
C.they are gifts from some websites D.none of the above
90.The author’s attitude toward SATAN is____.
A.enthusiastic B.critical C.positive D.indifferent
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part Ⅴ Writing（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
未来医学发展的方向
人类疾病谱由传染性疾病为主过渡为以慢性身心性疾病为主。生物医学模式对当前神经精神疾病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等多种人类重大致死性身心疾病束手无策。且无限地追求高科技的应用，造成医疗费用无限升高。20世纪末，全球医学界对医学现状进行了大讨论，医学发展方向应该由以治病为目的的对高科技的无限追求，转向预防疾病与损伤，维持和提高健康水平。
我国香山科学会议第422次学术讨论会的主题是“应激与应激医学：生物学基础与疾病控制”。与会专家认为，目前生态环境不断恶化、生活方式急剧变化、社会竞争压力显著增加，人类面临着越来越复杂、越来越强烈的“应激负荷”。长时间高强度的生理和心理应激负荷将导致机体应激反应能力耗竭，引起多种类型的应激性损伤，诱导和促进了神经精神疾病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等多种人类重大致死性疾病的发生、发展。应激医学将为新时期我国重大疾病控制提供新的医学支撑。
未来医学发展方向将是应激医学。
什么是应激医学？
应激医学使人们对威胁人类健康的病因认识，从微生物扩展到人类生活的自然环境和社会环境以及宇宙环境的大背景，从物质层面扩展到精神层面。应激医学揭示了健康与疾病转化过程，使人们对健康与疾病的转化以及疾病康复过程的认识更加深化。应激医学揭示了神经、内分泌、免疫系统在维持健康和疾病发生、发展过程的作用，使人们对人类病因的认识，从微生物扩展到生活环境和宇宙的大背景，从物质层面扩展到精神的思维认知层面。应激医学是社会—心理—生物医学模式的医学体系。
应激医学的特点
应激医学使人们对导致机体发生疾病的原因有了更加广泛的认识，不光有形的物质能使机体发生疾病，无形的精神认知和情绪的变化也能使机体发生疾病甚至死亡。应激医学揭示了身心性疾病的发生、发展过程与其他应激源引起的应激反应机制相同，都是由神经—内分泌—免疫网络系统参与其中。应激反应是机体调节自身机能状态的保护性机制，任何疾病的发生、发展，都伴随应激反应过程，应激反应甚至决定疾病的转归结局。
中医治疗的疾病实际上就是各种各样的应激反应，可以说中医是一个关于应激医学的医学体系。中医学借助应激医学的成果，重新构架自己的理论体系，把中医药理论体系构建在生命物质的基础之上，成为真正令人信服的医学科学体系，是中医学也是21世纪医学发展的必由之路。
This is the end of Model Test One.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）