结论
欧洲博士生教育最新的发展情况清晰地展现了第三阶段的重要转变。博洛尼亚进程和里斯本战略是欧洲博士生教育转变的主要驱动力,尽管全球化、人口预测以及世界社会、经济和文化变革等全球性的外部力量也对第三阶段改革产生了影响。若大学希望吸引来自全世界各地的优秀人才并发展为享有盛誉、国际公认的研究型高校,博士生教育不再仅仅是大学院系的责任,它也成为大学院校战略的关键组成成分。各国和欧盟的政策制定者们也意识到了博士生教育对知识社会和经济体的重要意义,并将其纳入国家及跨国的研究、创新与竞争力战略中。然而,欧洲第三阶段的转变属于范围更广的全球博士生教育转型的一部分。院校竞争力和国际竞争力需要与大学和其他利益相关者在国际层次上日益增强的合作携手共进。分享良好的实践经验,探讨世界不同地区博士教育发展趋势,立足本土、面向全球,是完善和加强博士教育、促进全球知识生产的必由之路。
参考文献
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【注释】
[1]本章的写作基于欧洲大学联合会项目的研究结果。该项目出版了下列两份报告:第一份是《面向欧洲知识社会的博士项目》(Doctoral Programmes for the European Knowledge Society),出版于2005 年;第二份报告是《欧洲大学的博士项目:成就与挑战》(Doctoral Programmes in Europe’s Universities: Achievements and Challenges),出版于2007 年。本章作者为这两个项目的协调人,并参与了这两份报告的撰写。
[2]欧洲学生联合会的英文名称为European Students’ Union,ESU。——译者注
[3]欧洲博士生与青年研究者理事会的英文名称为European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers,EURODOC。——译者注
[4]对应的英文名称为Communique of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education。
[5]我们在2006 年9 月向46 个博洛尼亚进程成员国发放了有关博士生教育资助的调查问卷。法国的Yukiko Fukasaku 在2007 年根据37 个国家的回复进行数据分析,结果发表于《欧洲大学的博士项目:成就与挑战》(Doctoral Programmes in Europe’s Universities: Achievements and Challenges)。
[6]Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education(2004)Code of Practice for the Assurance of Academic Quality and Standards in Higher Education, section 1: Postgraduate Research Programmes.
[7]参见第238 页脚注。