参考文献

参考文献

1.中国医师协会神经外科医师分会神经重症专家委员会.重症脑损伤患者镇痛镇静治疗专家共识.中国脑血管病杂志,2014,11(1):48-55.

2.中华医学会重症医学分会.中国成人ICU镇痛和镇静治疗指南.中华重症医学电子杂志,2018,4(2):90-113.

3.Odhner M,Wegman D,Freeland N,et al.Assessing pain control in nonverbal critically ill adults.Dimens Crit Care Nurs,2003,22(6):260-267.(https://www.daowen.com)

4.Devlin JW,Skrobik Y,Gelinas C,et al.Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain,Agitation/Sedation,Delirium,Immobility,and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU.Crit Care Med,2018,46(9):e825-e873.

5.Barnes-Daly MA,Phillips G,Ely EW.Improving Hospital Survival and Reducing Brain Dysfunction at Seven California Community Hospitals:Implementing PAD Guidelines Via the ABCDEF Bundle in 6,064 Patients.Crit Care Med,2017,45(2):171-178.