2.2　Study on Translation Quality

Translation as a cultural product has to go to the target readers，and itwill naturally undergo social evaluation or assessment.Traditionally，translation assessment tends to be subjective and intuitive，until Nida（1964）brought forward his principle of“dynamic equivalence of translation”.The principle attached great importance to“readers'reaction”which is too com plex to capture.Reiss and Verm eer（1984）raised the idea of“skopos theory”which took target culture norms as a yardstick in evaluating a translation.However，how to reach perfection is notmentioned in his work.Toury（1995：56）treated translation as“a norm-governed activity”.Although“textual norms”and“extratextual norms”are commendable，the approach failed to provide criteria for judging m erits and weakness of a translated text.House（2001：247）suggested an assessment model on the basis of Hallidayan systemicfunctional theory.According to him，the original and its translation can be com pared at three levels：“language／text，register（field，mode and tenor）and genre”.(https://www.daowen.com)