CONCLUSION
1.Features of“5+3”model
We successfully created an innovative combination pathway for residency and postgraduate training in China.These reforms and innovations incorporate strong Chinese characteristics.In 2014，the Shanghai“5+3”research project led by our university，named“The Exploration and Innovation of Clinical Medical Education Reform in China”，won the outstanding prize of National Teaching Achievement Award.Prof.WANG Ling，director of the research team and corresponding author of the current review，was honoured with this top award for her very special contribution.
The“5+3”model can be considered significant in 3 aspects.First，it has introduced innovations to our diploma education system for clinical medicine.Second，it has introduced and validated a new method of enhancing our medical students'practical clinical skills.Third，it has facilitated the standardization of resident doctor training in our country.
The Chinese government has already established the guidelines for a standardized national resident doctor training system.This“5+3”model has largely received increased attention from medical graduates，who are now more likely to participate in a resident doctor training programme.It has also significantly contributed to the establishment of a standardized national resident doctor training system and provided an example for further exploration in the nationwide integration of clinical medical diploma education and resident doctor standardized training，coordinating our medical education reform with the ongoing medical reform in China.
2.Progress with the“5+3”model
In 2011，at the national conference on medical educational reforms，the former Minister of Education，YUAN Guiren spoke highly of the Shanghaibased pilot，noting the“5+3”model was important to the Chinese health care system and medical educational reform.
In 2012，MOE and MOH jointly issued regulations and policies on the action plan to training qualified clinicians.One of the main tasks was to construct the“5+3”model.(https://www.daowen.com)
In 2014，7 ministries，the National Health and Family Planning Commission，State Commission Office for Public Sector Reform，National Development and Reform Commission，Ministry of Education，Ministry of Finance，Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security，and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine，jointly issued the guidelines on the implementation of SRT by 2020 across the country.
In 2016，the action plan of Healthy China 2030 specifies the need for improvement of the health care service quality，medical treatment standards，training of qualified clinicians，and conduction of further education reforms.
“Healthy China”asks educational and health authorities to create reforms and innovative approaches to more effectively nurture clinical talent as well as to examine new ways of fostering medical talent with Chinese characteristics.Coordinating academic education offered by medical colleges and practical training from hospitals is a highly effective approach to nurture talent.
The next step will be the introduction of a clinical medicine education model，called“5+3+X，”wherein X stands for“Specialist Physicians.”
In 2015，the MOE and National Health and Family Planning Commission authorized the cities of Shanghai and Beijing to conduct the pilot trial of the“5+3+X”model，which integrates X-specialty training with a doctoral programme.
Upon the completion of SRT，excellent trainees will be encouraged to pursue the“5+3+X”model，which integrates X-specialty training with a doctoral programme.The“5+3+X”model，which is intended to cultivate high-level skilled practical clinicians，can further“5+3”graduates'medical education，which is an alternative approach for SRT trainees to further pursue an MD degree.
（《The International Journal of Health Planning and Management》2017年第3期：中国特刊Special Issue：Healthy China 2030：Where are we now？）