六、典型教学案例
案例1 感恩之心点亮心灵
本案例是感恩篇中“如何更好地处理医患/师生/亲子关系”的议论文的写作教学。
1.知识点
关系的定义和特点（the definition and characteristic of relationships）、对同理心的理解（critical thinking based on empathy）。
2.思政目标
培养学生有同理心（empathy）、从他人角度理解观点和事物、学会换位思考。培养学生的感恩心，对他人的付出表示尊重（be grateful and respectful）。
3.教学过程
导入：本案例是感恩篇的议论文写作案例。写作题目为“如何改善亲子/师生/医患”关系，鉴于社会上对于医患关系的热点讨论较多，因此从医患关系的写作教学入手，开展教学。
首先，提出问题，让学生思考。询问学生对去医院看病以及对医生的印象。学生的回答大部分的用词是“匆忙、不耐烦、不礼貌、不友好”等。根据学生的回答，提出第二个问题让学生思考——医患之间的关系。学生的回答是“紧张、有冲突、不满”等。提出第三个问题：同学们愿不愿意让你未来的孩子当医生（想象一下）。学生几乎是异口同声地说“不愿意”，问其原因，答曰：“工资不高、太累、紧张、对资历要求高、吃力不讨好”等。学生答完之后，有的陷入沉默，思考自己的回答。教师补充新词“要求高的（demanding）”和“吃力不讨好的（thankless）”。老师对学生的回答进行总结，进入下一步——讨论环节。
Q:What is your impression of seeing a doctor in a hospital?What is your impression on doctors?
A:In a hurry,impatient,impolite,unfriendly etc.
Q:Can you describe the relationship between doctor and patient?
A:Violent,hateful,resentful,conflicting,tense,discontented etc.
Q:Do you want your child to be a doctor?
A:No,because of not well-paid,tiring,exhausting,nervous,you have to be diligent to be qualified,a thankless job.
其次，小组讨论。将班级分为四人一组进行讨论，让小组长记录讨论要点。讨论问题一：医生的工作环境。目的是为了让学生明白医生行医时的匆忙的原因，让学生理解医生的不容易。讨论问题二：学生思考“中国外科之父”裘法祖所说：“德不近佛者，不可以为医；技不近仙者，不可以为医”的含义，讨论医生的行医标准。对于医者的高标准的讨论引起了学生的沉默，教师继而提出紧扣题目的问题。讨论问题三：下一次去看病，对待医生应该持什么样的态度？学生纷纷表示要转变态度。
Group discussion
Q1:If you were a doctor,what kind of working environment are you longing for?How many patients do you think is the maximum of patients as your daily diagnosis?If you were hit by some angry and dissatisfied patients or their families,what would you react?
Q2:Whatmakes a good doctor?
If a person's virtue is not close to Buddha,skill is not close to immortals,he'd better not be a doctor.
Q3:Since being a doctor is demanding,tiring,thankless,and even risky,whatwould you do next time when you see a doctor?
写作讲授：在黑板上写下“关系（relationship）”，让学生思考关系的特征是什么。在黑板上写下“动态的”和“相互的”两个词，并举例进行类比。
Q:What are characteristics of relationship?
A:Dynamic and reciprocal.
Like amarriage,the relationship only works if both parties are fully invested.
再次，审题和写作分析。本课程感恩篇中的议论文题目是2017年12月四级考试作文真题，让学生在30分钟内写出一篇不少于120字，不多于180字的论文，来分析和讨论如何处理好亲子关系/师生关系/医患关系。审题和教学先从如何处理好医患关系这一主题入手。
第一，让学生理解医生工作的不容易。老师列出几张医护人员带病工作或疲倦入睡，其中有医护人员将害怕做手术的小患者抱在怀中，安慰小患者的照片，有医护人员跪地做手术的照片，还有医护人员抱着老年患者整整两个小时固定其手术姿态的照片，等等。一边展示一边进行讲解。很多学生的眼里泛起泪光，还有的悄悄擦眼泪。
第二，指出题目中的“如何处理好”这几个字怎么审题。让学生理解为什么要处理好医患关系以及处理好医患关系的重要性。给学生列出重点词汇等。
再次强调关系的特征是动态的、相互的，所以患者对医生的期待（医生应当注意些什么）可以适当提及，但重点是引导学生的同理心和感恩之情。
Topic exploration
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children/teachers and students/doctors and patients.You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.
The importance of doctor-patient relationship
A strong relationship between the doctor and patientwill lead to frequent,quality information about the patient's disease and better health care for the patient and their family.Enhancing the accuracy of the diagnosis and increasing the patient's knowledge about the disease all comewith a good relationship between the doctor and the patient.
The bond of trust between the patient and the physician is vital to the diagnostic and therapeutic process.
Key words and expressions
Ongoing patient-doctor interactions;make accurate diagnoses;provide optimal treatment recommendations;positive,negative,or neutral;etc.
What do you expect a doctor do?
The physicianmaintains a compassionate and professional demeanor;the physician maintain competence,professional knowledge,and skills;etc.
复次，举一反三，拓宽思路。先进行亲子关系的教学。展示中英文对照小诗《挑妈妈》，总结亲子关系定义。给学生讲述一个石像的故事（地震中保护怀中孩子的妈妈的故事）。
Another picture shows that a mother sacrifice herself for her baby and there is one line saying:my baby,if you can survive,please remember I love you.
Maybe yourmother is nagging,but she is the one that would sacrifice her life for yours.So is your father.
The term parent-child relationship refers to the unique and enduring bond be-tween a caregiver and his or her child.
最后，引入师生关系写作。给学生播放《静静的深夜》这首歌（老师到深夜还在批改作业的一首歌曲），音乐拨动学生心弦，唤起学生情感。
Play a song eulogizing a dedicated teacher.Students can hum with themelody.
总结和升华：强调老师和医生的奉献更伟大，老师关心、宽容、鼓励、帮助学生成长，就像妈妈一样；医生救死扶伤，职业同样高尚。展示其他图片，强调：如果你感觉轻松，那是因为有人替你负重前行，学会感恩、理解、尊重，学会爱。在总结的过程中，提供描写如何处理好三种关系的有关词语、句子，为学生写作搭好脚手架，学习地道英语表达方式。
Yourmother or father loves you because you are their child.But teachers and doctors do things for you just because they are teachers and doctors and this is why these two professions are respectable and respected because they want nothing from you.That is their job and that is their professional ethics.
小结和作业：对所授内容进行总结，布置作文。作业包括一篇120～180字的议论文，题目是“如何处理好医患关系”；给老师做张英文贺卡，感谢老师；给父母打个电话，感谢父母。
Summary and assignment
Write your essay of“how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients”;Write a thank-you card to your teacher to show your gratitude(Review);Call your parents and thank them for what they have been doing for you through all these years.
4.学习资源(https://www.daowen.com)
①丁往道等编著：《英语写作手册》（英文版，第3版），外语教学与研究出版社2009年版；
② [美]威廉·斯特伦克：《英语写作手册：风格的要素》，外语教学与研究出版社2016年版；
③钦寅主编：《淘金大学英语4级写作范文背诵100篇》，世图音像电子出版社2012年版；
④金薇、董鹏主编：《育德：滴灌生命之魂》，上海教育出版社2017年版；
⑤“生命中缺 ‘医’不可的你 向守护者们致敬”，载《学习强国》，ht-tps：//www.xuexi.cn/lgpage/detail/index.html？id=7674401002901791893。
案例2 志愿者精神指引行动
本案例是奉献精神里的“一次志愿者经历”的记叙文写作教学。
1.知识点
志愿者的定义和志愿者精神内涵（know about the definition and work of volunteer，analyze the spirit of volunteers）；记叙文的写作要领和情感抒写（learn key words and expressions，the way of narrating a volunteer experience and the affect in the narration）。
2.思政目标
通过体验和参与志愿者行动，在实践中理解志愿者精神就是雷锋精神，了解“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的意义，在行动中升华情感，树立时代使命感和责任感等。
3.教学过程
导入：班上几乎所有同学都做过志愿者，先提前请两三名学生为全班同学做一个三分钟的课堂“早报告”，引入教学内容。
Ask two or three students to do amorning report to share their different types of volunteer work to the class with PPT presentation and their feelings towards those who receive their help.
分组分享志愿者经历并讨论：让学生四人一组分享自己当志愿者的经历，描述印象最深的一次经历。小组长记录下用英语描述经历的困难。四人一组讨论“志愿者对你来说意味着什么？”“为什么想去当志愿者？”“当志愿者有哪些心得和收获？”
Share one of yourmost impressed volunteer experiencewith your groupmembers and the group leader shall take down the difficulties they have in narrating the experience.
Discuss the following questions:
First,what do you mean by being a volunteer?
Second,why do you want to be a volunteer?
Third,what did you learn from this experience?
关键知识点讲解：给学生展示一些志愿者的图片，总结志愿者的内涵和定义。让学生思考什么是一个志愿者最重要的品质。学生们给出很多答案，如可以让世界变得不同，或者提升自己的技能、让自己快乐，精神放松、建立专业和个人的联系等。
Show students some photos of volunteers.(Foreign volunteers bring convenience to tourist spot in China etc.)Think about some famous volunteers worldwide.(Mother Teresa,Lei Feng,Nathan Hale etc.)
Q:What does“volunteer”mean to you?
Generalize the definition and connotation of“volunteer” such as“actively takes on a task,responsibility,or project”,“without needing to be assigned,ordered,or told to do so”and“not paid”.
Q:What ismost important for a great volunteer?
A:Briefly,a great volunteer is one who is devoted to voluntary work wholeheartedly.
Q:Why you want to be a volunteer?
A:I can make a real difference.It provides me with a chance to up-skill.It makesme happier—it's good for themind and body.It provides a chance to buildmy professional and personal network.
情感升华：学生认为志愿者经历改变了自己的认知，不仅使自己得到了极大的锻炼，更意识到自己的幸福生活值得珍惜。大多数学生觉得志愿者给他们带来最大的收获，就是他们变得更加快乐，更加感恩自己的幸福生活，因为他们帮助了其他需要帮助的人，也意识到助人为乐的力量。基于学生的讨论和回答，教师进一步引导学生意识到志愿者精神就是雷锋精神，它有四个重要的内容，那就是奉献、友爱、互助和进步。引导学生意识到微光成炬，志愿力量温暖人心。大学生是祖国的未来、民族的希望，每一个大学生志愿者身体力行都能传播正能量，助力形成以奉献为荣的良好社会风尚。
Q:Why you become happier after you helped others as a volunteer?
A:Because I devoted myself to a selfless cause.Because Igive instead of ask.
Q:What kind of spirit is volunteer spirit?
A:It is actually Lei Feng spirit.It includes dedication,fraternity,mutual-aid and progress.
记叙文写作点拨：给出作文题目：叙述一次难忘的志愿者经历。引导学生掌握记叙文的写作要领。讲故事要有针对性和目的性，记叙文的语言描写要详细具体。标题要醒目（非限定题目类的作文），一般按时间顺序写。
Analytic analysis
Write a narrative with the title of“An unforgettable volunteer experience”.
A narrative essay tells a story,usually concerning an event or issue in your life.The storymust have a purpose,such as describing how the event changed your life,altered your outlook or taught you a lesson.
In writing your essay,using vivid,detailed language and emphasizing conflict will draw readers into your narrative.
Choose a compelling topic to grab readers'attention.
Write Chronologically,which both provides a simple way to organize your thoughts and makes your essay easier for your readers to follow.
课后实践：课后志愿者实践活动，体会志愿者精神的内涵。一系列课后实践活动包括：小组设计学院志愿者标志，以班级为单位进行最美志愿者标志投票，票数最高组该项成绩最高；邀请志愿者来校做讲座，现身说法；为社区困难户赠送生活必需品等；带学生拜访学校所在社区老党员志愿者，听其讲志愿者的经历。这些实践活动进一步加深了学生作为志愿者的情感体验，为记叙文的感情抒写打下良好的基础。从后续学生交上来的作业来看，多数学生内容较翔实，在文章中使用了感谢、感激、感恩、快乐、有益等词，流露出真情实感，体现出了情感实践的有效性。
Volunteer activities after class,such as the voting of volunteer symbol design of the college;the lecturing of volunteermodel on his volunteer experience;distribute the necessities to the needy families in the community and the family visiting to a senior volunteer.
4.学习资源
①丁往道等编著：《英语写作手册》（英文版，第3版），外语教学与研究出版社2009年版；
② [美]威廉·斯特伦克：《英语写作手册：风格的要素》，外语教学与研究出版社2016年版；
③钦寅主编：《淘金大学英语4级写作范文背诵100篇》，世图音像电子出版社2012年版；
④林广西：“放大 ‘志愿精神’点亮我们的追梦路”，载《学习强国》，ht-tps：//www.xuexi.cn/lgpage/detail/index.html？id=11950608886837716894；
⑤Joh Zamboni:“How to W rite a Narrative Essay”,at https://www.theclassroom.com/write-narrative-essay-5789185.html.