3.2 No.6 淋巴结清扫的争议

更新于 2026年10月28日 版权声明
3.2 No.6 淋巴结清扫的争议

有研究报道,右半结肠肿瘤距肝曲10cm 以内,幽门下淋巴结No.6 组淋巴结转移率将明显增高,病人复发率亦高于其他肿瘤位置的患者,对于该部位手术常实施右半结肠癌扩大根治术,以彻底清扫No.6 组淋巴结。但是对于该手术的意义仍存在争论。从胚胎学理论而言,在胚胎发育5~6周时,No.6 组淋巴结位于胰腺的右侧,引流来自胃大弯侧的淋巴液;随着胃在发育过程中90°的旋转,No.6 组淋巴结逐渐向前移动,最终定位于十二指肠系膜内,并不在结肠系膜内。根据最新的第15版日本《胃癌处理规约》,对No.6 组淋巴结进行了细分:No.6a(胃网膜右动脉根部至胃大弯第1支间的淋巴结)、No.6i(幽门下动脉淋巴结)、No.6v(胃网膜右静脉与ASPDV 汇合部的淋巴结,后者的下缘即以ASPDV 的汇合部为界,在横结肠系膜附着处折叠)。研究报道胃结肠韧带淋巴结GCLN 转移率为4.1%~8.6%,而发生GLCN 转移的患者往往预后较差。根据第7 版结肠癌TNM 分期标准,No.6 组淋巴结并不属于结肠区域淋巴结,应归为远处转移。除了化疗外,切除GLCN 是否会影响局部复发率及长期预后仍需临床研究证实。

笔者认为,形成这种差异的一个主要原因在于目前对肝曲及右半横结肠癌幽门下淋巴结(No.206)和胃大弯淋巴结(No.204)转移的认识存在很大的不足,主要体现在以下几个方面:①淋巴结转移率莫衷一是,幽门下淋巴结2%~12.5%不等,胃大弯淋巴结4.1%~9%不等,且结果均来源于小样本回顾性研究;②对该部位淋巴结转移的临床意义存在争议,部分学者认为其转移与肿瘤的直接浸润有关,与T4b 期肿瘤的预后价值相当,有学者仍将其视为区域淋巴结,与N+期肿瘤的预后价值相当,也有学者考虑为远处转移,即与M1 肿瘤的预后价值相当;③对于该部位淋巴结清扫的手术安全性存在争议,日本学者Hasegawa 等研究发现清扫幽门下淋巴结导致胃网膜右血管出血的概率较高,我国学者认为在行幽门下淋巴结清扫时,胃网膜右动脉的定位缺乏直接的解剖标志,也是术中出血延长手术时间的重要原因之一。因此,针对这些方面的临床研究值得作为我们今后临床实践和探讨的一个重要方向。

(马君俊)

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