辽宁爪鲵Onychodactylus zhaoermii
地方名：咕噜鱼
曾用名：爪鲵
形态特征：雄性全长154～181mm，雌性164～178mm。体细长，躯体圆柱状，头较扁平，头长大于头宽；吻端钝圆，口裂达眼后，犁骨齿明显弯曲，呈“M”形，左右彼此不相遇，无唇褶；尾长大于头体长，前段呈圆柱形，向后逐渐侧扁；肋沟14～15条；指4，趾5，末端均具黑爪；皮肤光滑，无肺。体背面棕褐色或淡榄橄褐色，散有均匀褐色斑，腹面污白色。
生活习性：生活于海拔450～750m的山林郁密、杂草丛生、水流湍急的小溪及其附近。成鲵以陆栖为主，多昼伏夜出。5—6月繁殖，卵鞘袋纺缍形，成对固着在溪内岩石、石块和枯树枝上，每条鞘袋内有卵16～20粒，幼体需3～4年完成变态。吞食钩虾、蛞蝓、蜗牛及小型昆虫等无脊椎动物。
地理分布：中国特有种，仅见于辽宁。
环渤海地区分布：仅见于辽宁（岫岩）。
生存现状：极度濒危（CR）。栖息地面积狭窄，建议开展专项调查和保护监测。
Urodela Hynobiidae Onychodactylus
2.Onychodactylus zhaoermii
Description Adults up to 154-181mm in TOL of males, females up to 164-178mm; body slender and cylindrical.Head flat, HL wider than HW; snout tip rounded; obvious bended vomerine tooth in “M” shape, the left side doesn't contact with the right side.Labial fold absent.Tail is longer than body, changing from cylindrical shape to flattened shape.Four fingers and five toes, and all of them have black horny claws.Skin is smooth, with 14-15 costal grooves on the lateral.Lung absent.Dorsum is yellow-brown or light olive brown,with brown dots; belly is dirty white.
Behaviour Onychodactylus zhaoermii live in elevations about 450m to 750m, in or near the flowing fast streams where the trees and the grasses grow luxuriantly.Adult Onychodactylus zhaoermii are terrestrial, normally hiding during the day and coming out at night.They spawn from May to June.Their egg sacs are in spindle shapes, sticking coupled on the rocks and dead branches in the stream.There are 16 to 20 eggs in each egg sac.The larvaes may be holometabolous in 3 to 4 years.They feed on gammaridea, slugs, snails,insects and other small invertebrates.
Distribution Native to China; China: Liaoning Province.Distribution around Bohai Sea:only in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province, China.
Conservation Critically endangered (CR).With small-size habitat, special investigation,protection and monitoring should be undertaken.
