极北鲵Salamandrella keyserlingii
地方名：水马蛇子
形态特征：成体全长100～130mm，雌性略小于雄性。头部扁平呈椭圆形，吻圆钝，犁骨齿呈“ U ”形，无唇褶；指、趾均为4根。尾侧扁，末端钝尖无爪。皮肤光滑，体侧有肋沟13～14条；背面为棕黄色，具金属光泽，体正中央有1条黑褐色细纵条纹，体侧左右各有1条黑褐色条纹，腹面浅灰色。
生活习性：生活于海拔2000m以下的山地和丘陵的静水塘或山沟附近。成体陆栖，多在黄昏或雨后外出活动，捕食昆虫等。4—5月繁殖，产卵于静水塘中，卵袋黏附在水中植物茎秆上。自幼体从卵中孵化至完成变态的幼鲵需要80～100天。幼体以水蚤和水丝蚓等为食，成体捕食各种小型无脊椎动物。
地理分布：国内分布于东北三省和内蒙古；国外分布于俄罗斯远东地区，蒙古国东部，日本和朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：仅分布于辽宁省（昌图、康平）。
生存现状：无危（LC），但在辽宁自20世纪80年代初初次获得标本后，再无报道，建议开展专项调查和保护监测。
Urodela Hynobiidae Salamandrella
3.Salamandrella keyserlingii
Description Adults up to 100-130mm in TOL, females are smaller than males.Head oval, flat; snout tip rounded, blunt; vomerine teeth in “U” shape.Labial fold absent.Four fingers and four toes.Flattened tail, blunt end; claws absent.Smooth skin, with 13-14 costal grooves on the lateral.Dorsum brown yellow, with metallic luster; one black-brown thin vertical stripe in the center of the body; one black-brown stripe on each side of the body;belly light grey.
Behaviour Salamandrella keyserlingii live in elevations below 2,000m, in or near the still waters in the mountains and hills.Adult Salamandrella keyserlingii are terrestrial,normally coming out at dusk or after rain to prey on insects.They spawn from April to May in the ponds with still waters.Their egg sacs stick on the stems of the plants in the water.The larvaes may be holometabolous in 80 to 100 days.The larvaes feed on water fleas and limnodrilus whereas the adults feed on small invertebrates.
Distribution China: Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia.At abroad: the Russian Far East, the east of Mongolia, Japan and Korean Peninsula.Distribution around Bohai Sea: only in Changtu and Kangping, Liaoning Province, China.
Conservation Least concern (LC).Only getting the specimen in Liaoning Province since early 1980s, no further report on Salamandrella keyserlingii and special investigation,protection and monitoring should be undertaken.
