东方铃蟾Bombina orientalis
地方名：汪汪狗、花癞巴子、红肚皮蛤蟆
形态特征：成体体长30～45mm。头扁平，头略宽于长；吻端圆，无鼓膜和声囊，犁骨齿列呈两小团，横置于内鼻孔内侧后方，左右几乎相遇。皮肤粗糙，头、体和四肢背部满布刺疣；体侧疣粒较大。体背面一般为灰棕色或绿色，布有黑色或黑褐色斑块，指、趾尖橘黄色，腹面有橘红或橘黄色与黑色斑相间的醒目的花纹。繁殖期时，雄蟾前臂内侧、内掌突及内侧3指基部有黑色细刺。
生活习性：生活于海拔900m以下的山区丘陵环境和平原地带，在水中昂头趴浮在水面上或水域边缘陆域或石块上。爬行，不敏捷，受刺激后头和肛部翘起，或翻转后露出其腹部橘红色警戒色；背面皮肤在受强烈刺激后分泌有毒白色黏液。抱对时，雄蟾前肢抱于雌蟾的胯部。多在稻田或积水坑产卵，偶尔见其与北方狭口蛙在同一水坑繁殖。受精卵在水温24～25℃时，3天即可孵出蝌蚪，蟾约于8月底登陆。以小型无脊椎动物为食。
地理分布：我国见于东北三省、内蒙古、北京以及山东；国外分布于俄罗斯，朝鲜半岛，日本。
环渤海地区分布：分布于山东胶东半岛和辽宁省辽东半岛至辽东山地，北京种群为从山东省烟台移入建群。
生存现状：无危（LC）。
Anura Bombinatoridae Bombina
4.Bombina orientalis
Description Adults up to 30-45mm in SVL.Head flat, HL wider than HW; snout tip rounded; tympanum and vocal sacs absent; two round vomerine teeth.Skin is rough, lots of warts on the head, body and limbs, especially bigger warts on the lateral.Dorsum is greybrown or green, with black or black brown spots; orange toes; striking bright yellow to red(generally bright reddish-orange) and black patterns on the belly.During breeding season,black spines on the inside of the males' forelimbs, inner metacarpal tubercle and the inside of fingers I, II and III.
Behaviour Bombina orientalis live in elevations below 900m, in or near the waters in the mountains, hills and plain.They prefer floating on the water or lying on the land and rocks near the water.They can crawl but they are not nimble.Being stimulated, their heads and anus will raise up or turn over to show their orange belly, serving as a warning.The toxin is secreted through the skin mostly from the skin on the back, in a milky-like substance when the frog is disturbed or frightened.At the breeding site, males grips the females' hip tightly with its forelimbs.Normally, they spawn in the paddy field or still water puddle.Sometimes they spawn with Kaloula borealis at the same place.The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae in 3 days when the water is up to 24 to 25℃.The larvaes may be holometabolous at the end of August.They feed on small invertebrates.
Distribution China: Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Province, Beijing and Shandong Province in China.At abroad: Russia, Japan and Korean Peninsula.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in the Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning Province and the mountains in the east of Liaoning Province.The population in Beijing comes from Yantai, Shandong Province.
Conservation Least concern (LC).
