黑斑侧褶蛙Pelophylax nigromacnlata
地方名：青蛙、青拐子、青麻拐、三道门、蛤蟆
曾用名：黑斑蛙
形态特征：雄性体长60mm左右，雌性70mm左右。头长大于宽，吻略尖，吻端钝圆，鼓膜大而圆，犁骨齿两小团，背侧褶宽厚；皮肤光滑，背部有纵行不连续的短肤棱；后肢较粗短，贴体前伸时胫跗关节可达眼与鼓膜之间。雄性有1对颈咽侧外声囊，第一指基婚垫灰色、瘤状。生活时体色变异较大，背面多黄绿色或深绿色，背面和侧面多有醒目的黑色或棕褐斑，腹面乳白色；从吻至肛前常有一条浅色纵脊纹，背侧褶棕黄色；四肢背面有上黑色横斑。
生活习性：黑斑侧褶蛙是我国最常见的蛙类，生活于海拔2200m以下的稻田、水沟、池塘和湖沼等静水域和河流的缓流区域。10月入眠，翌年3月末出眠后进入繁殖期，并开始产卵，产卵期延续到6月初旬，4—5月为繁殖旺盛期。产卵量多少与个体大小相关，最多可达5000粒左右。蝌蚪当年完全变态。
地理分布：国内除西藏、新疆、青海、台湾、海南外，广布于全国各地；国外分布于俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：均有分布。
生存现状：近危（NT）。
Anura Ranidae Pelophylax
15.Pelophylax nigromacnlata
Description Adult males SVL normally up to 60mm, females up to 70mm; HL longer than HW; snout prominent; big and round tympanums; two rounded vomerine; wide and thick dorsolateral folds.Skin is smooth; short, discrete and lengthwise skin ribs on the dorsum;hindlimbs stubby; the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching between the eye and tympanum.The male has a paired vocal sac and gray warty nuptial pads on finger I.The dorsal colouration varies from yellow green to dark green; usually have obvious black or tan spots on the dorsum and the lateral; milky white belly; usually have a light mid-dorsal line from the snouts to the anus; tan dorsolateral folds; black transverse spots on the back of limbs.
Behaviour Pelophylax nigromacnlata are quite common in China.They are relatively low-altitude species, not being found above 2,200m.They range across a variety of habitats,and are typically found in or near stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as the rice paddies,gutterway, ponds and lakes.They hibernate in October and then breed and spawn at the end of March.April and May are the rush season for them to breed.The amount of the eggs depends on the size of individual, the biggest one could lay 5,000 eggs.The tadpole may be holometabolous in the same year.
Distribution China: widely distributed, except Tibet, Xinjiang Province, Qinghai Province, Taiwan and Hainan Province.At abroad: Russia, Japan and Korean Peninsula.Distribution around Bohai Sea: nearly everywhere.
Conservation Near Threatened (NT).
