中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis
地方名：鳖、甲鱼、王八、脚鱼、水鱼、团鱼
形态特征：中型鳖，成体背甲长300mm左右。躯体扁平，头呈三角形，前端尖，鼻较长；背甲椭圆形或仅圆形，裙边较窄，背部前面具一列扁平疣状突，背面散布有小疣粒；四肢较扁，指（趾）间满蹼。雌性尾短，泄殖腔孔近尾末端；雄性尾长，可凸出于裙边后缘外，泄殖腔孔位于尾中段。生活时，体色变异大。背面多橄榄绿色、橄榄灰色或橄榄黄色等，散布有黑褐色或浅色斑；成体腹面乳白色，稚鳖腹面呈浅橘红色。
生活习性：生活于江河、湖泊、池塘、水库和稻田中，营底栖生活，肉食性为主。4—10月为繁殖期，在水域边缘沙土中挖穴产卵 ；可分批产卵，每窝通常产4～6枚，体大者24～30枚，孵化期60天左右。卵呈球形，白色。杂食性，偏爱动物性食物。
地理分布：广布种。国内除青海、新疆、西藏、内蒙古和东北地区外，均有分布，极可能是一个复合种，存在多个隐存种有待发现；国外分布于日本和越南。
环渤海地区分布：分布于山东、河北、北京和天津。
生存现状：濒危（EN）。
Testudines Trionychidae Pelofiscus
21.Pelodiscus sinensis
Description Medium-size turtles, adults carapace up to about 300mm.Flattened; body triangle-shaped head; front of the head is sharp; nose long; carapace is oval or merely round; carapace edge narrow, 1 row wart-like protruded at the front of the dorsum, scattered with small warts; limbs flat, webbed feet; female's tail short; cloacal orifice near the end of the tail; male's tail long, protruded outside the rear edge; cloacal hole in the middle of the tail; boby coloration varies greatly; the back is carapace olive green, olive grey or olive yellow, with black brown or light-colored spots; adult's plastron is milk white, the young's plastron orange-red.
Behaviour They live in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, rice fields and marshes, and they are mainly carnivorous.April to October is breeding period, they dug caves to lay eggs once or in batches, the amount of eggs is usually 4-6, the large one can lay 24-30 eggs, the incubation period is about 60 days.The eggs is shape in spherical and white color.They are omnivorous, favoring animal food.
Distribution Widely known in China, have not been found in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet,Inner Mongolia and the northeast of China; probably a complex species; exist in Japan and Vietnam at abroad.Distribution around Bohai Sea: Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin.
Conservation Endangered (EN).