蛇岛蝮指名亚种Gloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis

43.蛇岛蝮指名亚种Gloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis

形态特征:体型较大,成体全长雄性520~765mm,雌性400~950mm。头三角形,扁平而狭长,颈细,尾较短。瞳孔直立。具管牙;有颊窝。头背至枕部,有黑褐色坩埚钳形斑。眼后有1条黑褐色窄带状斑,宽约2mm。体背瓦灰或蓝灰色,自颈至尾有不规则“X”形黑褐色斑。腹面、下唇、下颌灰白色,自颈向后至尾灰黑色。上唇鳞8枚,呈2-1-5式,下唇鳞11枚,亦有10枚者。背鳞多23-23-17行,最外一行光滑无棱,向背脊起棱逐渐变强。腹鳞145~166枚,尾下鳞雄性37~47对,肛鳞完整。

生活习性:生活于辽宁蛇岛,蛇岛面积0.73km2,海拔215m。4月上、中旬出蛰,5月是候岛迁徙的旺季,也是蝮蛇捕食活动的高峰期,7月初至8月中旬,蝮蛇大多“夏眠”。9—10月上旬,候鸟大批过境,蝮蛇又进入一个捕食高峰期。10月中、下旬陆续入蛰。蛇岛蝮蛇大多树栖捕食鸟类,偶有捕食岛上的褐家鼠。卵胎生,一般秋季交配,8月下旬至10月中旬产仔,每产1~8条,幼蛇全长219~341mm,体重9~23g,幼蛇出生即可捕食绣眼、柳莺等小型鸟类,也吃蜈蚣、鼠妇等无脊椎动物。

地理分布:中国特有种,仅分布于辽宁。

环渤海地区分布:仅见于辽宁(旅顺蛇岛)。

生存现状:濒危(EN)。

43.Gloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis

Description Adult males up to 520-765mm in TOL, body size is relatively large, adult females up to 400-950mm TL.Head is triangle-shaped, flat, narrow and long; neck thin;tail short; pupils is erected; tubular teeth; bilateral pits; black brown crucible tongs-shape spots from the head dorsum to the occipital part, one line of black brown narrow banded spots, in the width of 2 mm, at the back of eyes; the body dorsum color is tile grey or blue grey with black and brown spots, irregular“X”shape, from the neck to the tail; ventral,lower lip, chins are greyish white, and the neck to the tail is greyish black; 8 supralabials are arranged in 2-1-5 rows; 11 infralabials, some have 10 infralabials; dorsal scales usually are arranged in 23-23-17 rows, smooth outermost line, without tubercles ribbed to the dorsum and gradually becoming stronger; 145-166 ventral scales; the male's 37-47 pairs of subcaudals; anal plate is complete.

Behaviour Gloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis live on the snake island of Liaoning, the island area is 0.73 square kilometers, with 215 meters above sea level.They wake up in the early and middle of April.May is the peak season of migratory birds migration and it is also the peak period of viper's hunting.Most of them have "summer sleep" in early of July to mid-August.There are a large amount of migratory birds transmit through the island, and they have a peak season of preying.They fall asleep in the middle and late of October.Most of them on the island rest on the trees and feed on birds.Occasionally, they prey on the sewer rats.They are ovoviviparous; they generally mate in the autumn.They prawn in the late August to the mid-October, and lay 1-8 eggs at a time.The juvenile snakes are 219-341mm TL, 9-23g in weight.The juvenlie snakes can prey on hydrangea, warbler and other small birds, but also eat centipedes, rat women and other invertebrates from the birth.

Distribution Native to China: only in Liaoning Province.Distribution around Bohai Sea:Only in Liaoning (Snake Island in Lvshun).

Conservation Endangered (EN).