乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussuriensis
地方名：土球子
形态特征：体全长400～650mm。头呈三角形，不宽扁。颈细。体较粗短，尾短小。瞳孔直立椭圆形。具管牙；有颊窝。体色变化较大，头体背部的颜色正常变化于灰褐色到土红色之间。体色变化较大，有黑褐、黑灰、黄褐、棕褐、土黄等色，背面自颈至尾有2行中央色浅的深色圆斑或由此斑形成网纹，有的斑纹不明显。腹面色较浅者，颌部灰白色，腹部黑色发亮者，颌片和下唇鳞腹面有黑斑。眼后斜向口角带状斑背缘有一条极细白线纹，此纹只占所在鳞片的鳞脊部分。尾尖常为黑色。上唇鳞多7枚，呈2-1-4式，下唇鳞多9枚。背鳞以21-21-17行为主。腹鳞137～161枚，尾下鳞34～54对，肛鳞完整。
生活习性：生活于平原、丘陵和山区，常在坟堆草丛、山坡路旁、水沟田野等处活动。与赤链蛇或蜥蜴在同一洞冬眠。晨昏活动，食性很广，以鱼、蛙、蜥蜴、蛇、鸟、鼠类为食。卵胎生，8月中旬至9月上旬产仔，每产2～10条。
地理分布：国内分布于东北三省；国外分布于俄罗斯、蒙古国及朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：辽宁。
生存现状：近危（NT）。
45.Gloydius ussuriensis
Description Up to 400-650mm in TOL.Head is in triangle shape, not wide or flat; thin neck; body is stubbed; tail is short and small.Pupils erect and are in oval shape; tubular teeth; bilateral pits; body color varies greatly, from blackish brown, blackish grey, yellowish brown, brown to soil yellow; two rows of dark round spots with light central color from the dorsum to the neck and tail, or reticulated, some are not obvious; ventral color is light; jaw is greyish white; ventral is black shiny, with dark spots on jaws.One very slender white stripe on the dorsal edge from the mouth to the back of eye; tail tip is black; 7 supralabials are arranged in 2-1-4 and 9 infralabials; dorsal scales are mostly arranged in 21-21-17 rows; 137-161 ventral scales; 34-54 pairs of subcaudals; anal plate is complete.
Behaviour Gloydius ussuriensis live in plains, hills, mountains, and often move in the graveyard grass, hillside roadside, gutter fields and other places.They have been found hibernating with red chain snakes or lizard holes.They are active in the morning and night,have a wide range of food and prey on fish, frogs, lizards, snakes, birds, rats.They are ovoviviparous, and spawn from the middle of August to early September, and lay 2-10 eggs at a time.
Distribution Know in the northeast China, Russia, Mongolia and Korean Peninsula.Distribution around Bohai area: in Liaoning Province.
Conservation Near Threatened (NT).
