Health Education for Patients in Perioperative P...
[Glossary]
uterine 子宫的
artery 动脉
embolization 栓塞
uterine fibroid 子宫肌瘤
trauma 创伤
chronic 慢性的
endometritis 子宫内膜炎
multiple 多次的
pregnancy 怀孕
delivery 生产
estrogen 雌激素
gynecological 妇科的
degeneration 退化；恶化
leucorrhea 白带
backache 背疼；腰酸
bladder 膀胱
menstruation 月经
[Scenario]
患者：张护士，我有一个问题想要咨询您。
P：Nurse Zhang，I have a question for you.
护士：好的，您有什么疑问？
N：Yes.What can I do for you？
患者：医生说我是子宫肌瘤，到底是怎么引起的？
P：I was told that I have uterine fibroid.Could youexplain to me what causes the uterine fibroid？
护士：子宫肌瘤的确切原因尚不清楚。一般认为，多次妊娠和分娩时子宫壁的创伤和慢性子宫内膜炎可能是导致此病的主要原因。此外，可能还与高雌激素的刺激有关。
N：The exact cause of uterine fibroid is not clear.However it is commonly believed that it is associated with trauma and chronic endometritis during multiple pregnancies and deliveries.It is also associated with the stimulation of high estrogen level.
患者：哦，这样啊！我是体检时发现的，一般都有哪些症状呢？
P：Oh，I see.Mine was found during the physical examination.What are the common symptoms of this disease？
护士：多数人无明显症状，妇科检查时发现。症状与肌瘤部位、生长速度及肌瘤有无变性有关。一般会有月经改变、白带增多、腰酸、下腹坠胀、腹痛。肌瘤压迫膀胱时，可能会出现尿频、尿潴留等症状。(https://www.daowen.com)
N：In most people it does not have any obvious symptoms；it is usually an incidental finding in gynecological examinations.The symptoms depend on the location，growth rate and existence of degeneration of the fibroid.The common symptoms include menstrual changes，increasing leucorrhea，backache，abdominal distension and abdominal pain.Frequent urination and urinary retention may occur when the fibroids compress the bladder.
患者：那常规的治疗方法是什么？
P：What are the treatment options？
护士：医生一般会进行子宫动脉栓塞术。
N：In our department we usually treat uterine fibroid withuterine artery embolization.
患者：谢谢，那我手术要注意一些什么吗？
P：Thank you，what should I pay attention to for the surgery？
护士：这是一个微创治疗，不要担心。治疗前需要禁食、水4小时，术前可能会根据情况用一些消炎药。现在请在病房等待，医生会在您签手术知情同意书时为您详细讲解的。
N：This is a minimally invasive treatment.Please do not worry about it too much.You need to fast for 4 hours before the surgery and doctors may prescribe some anti-inflammatory medicine after the surgery.Now just stay in your ward.The doctor will explain the details when you sign the informed consent.
患者：术后我需要注意什么？
P：What shall I pay attention to after the surgery？
护士：需要注意个人卫生，保持良好的生活习惯。术后3个月内禁止性生活、盆浴及剧烈运动，以免泌尿生殖系统感染，有生育需求的1年内应避孕。栓塞治疗后，一般1～3个月后月经周期、月经量恢复正常。3个月后月经仍不正常，或出现下腹坠痛、阴道出血或异常分泌物、尿频或突发性血尿及大便伴脓血、发热等症状，请及时就诊。如果一切正常，请在术后3、6、12个月来院做影像学检查，观察肌瘤的缩小情况和瘤体的密度变化。不知道我说的您都明白了吗？
N：You should pay attention to personal hygiene and maintain a good life style.In general，sex，bathing and strenuous exercises should be avoided for the first 3 months after the surgery to reduce the risk of urinary infection.No pregnancy within 12 months after the surgery by using contraception.Your menstrual cycle and amount will return to normal afterone to three months of the surgery.You should come to see the doctor if menstruation isstill abnormal three months after the surgery，or when symptoms like lower abdominal pain，vaginal bleeding，abnormal discharge，frequent urination，hematuria or blood in the stool，fever appear.We will schedule your followup visits 3，6 and 12 months after the surgery.During those visits we will do radiological examination of the uterus to check the reduction of fibroid size.Do you have more questions？
患者：明白了，讲解很详细。
P：No.You explained it in great detail.
护士：希望对您有所帮助。出院的时候，我们会发纸质版的出院宣教，您也可以关注康复助手。
N：I hope it is helpful to you.We will give you a pamphlet on discharge education.You can also follow our rehabilitation assistant.
患者：好的。谢谢！我现在没有那么紧张了。
P：All right.Thank you！I'm much relieved now.
护士：不客气。
N：You're welcome.
[Phrases]
physical examination 体检
obvious symptom 明显症状
growth rate 生长速度
abdominal distension 腹胀
frequent urination 尿频
anti-inflammatory medicine 消炎药
informed consent 知情同意书