Health Education for Patients After Percutaneous...
[Glossary]
drainage 引流
properly 正确地
twist 扭曲
bloody 血性的
quantity 量
transparent 透明的
[Scenario]
护士：您已经完成了相关的术前检查，治疗前需要禁食、禁水4小时。现在请在病房休息，卫勤中心工作人员会准时过来接您去手术室。
N：You have completed the relevant preoperative examination.Please don't eat or drink 4 hours before the treatment.Now you can have a rest in the ward，then our medical staff from the service center will take you to the operating room on time.
患者：好的，谢谢。那我术后要如何维护这根引流导管呢？
P：OK，thanks.How to take care of this catheter after the operation？
护士：首先要妥善固定引流管，防止导管滑出。其次要保持引流通畅，不能扭曲，特别注意在翻身时不要挤压引流管。
N：Firstly，the drainage tube should be properly fixed to prevent it from sliding out.Secondly，do not twist the drainage tube and ensure its patency.Pay specialattention not to squeeze the drainage tube when you turn your body over.
患者：那我需要观察引流液吗？
P：Do I need to observe the drainage fluid？
护士：要的。术后24小时内出现少量的血性引流液是正常情况。若发现大量的血性液体，说明可能出现了出血，应及时通知医生或者护士。每天要观察引流液的颜色、性质、量。正常的胆汁是金黄色透明的，每天的量在500～1 000 ml。如果每天的量超过1 000 ml或引流量少，同时出现腹痛、发热、黄疸等症状，要及时报告医生或护士。如果每天的量很少，但是大便颜色是正常的，也不出现发热、腹痛、黄疸等症状，这也是正常的。
N：Yes.A small amount of blood-tinged drainage fluid within 24 hours after the operation is not unusual.If a large amount of bloody fluid is found，it means that hemorrhage may occur.You should inform the doctor or nurse as soon as possible.You need to observe the color，property and quantity of the drainage fluid every day.The normal bile should be golden and transparent with 500～1 000 ml of the daily amount.You should notify us in time if the daily bile amount exceeds 1 000 ml.You should alert us as well if the amount is too little and you have abdominal pain，fever or jaundice.It is considered a normal condition if the drainage fluid amount is relatively small but the color of the stool is fine and none of above symptoms occur.
患者：那我能起床活动吗？
P：Can I get up and do some exercises？
护士：可以的，起床后用别针把导管固定在同侧衣服上，保持引流袋的位置低于穿刺点，以防引流袋里的液体反流至胆管引起感染。
N：Sure.When you get up，you should fix the catheter on the same side of the clothes with a pin and keep the location of the drainage bag lower than the puncture point to prevent the infection caused by the reflux of the liquid in the drainage bag to the bile duct.
患者：我知道了，我能洗澡吗？
P：I got it.Can I take a shower？
护士：伤口敷料需要保持清洁干燥，洗澡容易污染穿刺口，最好擦浴。
N：You must keep the surgical dressing clean and dry，you'd better have sponge bath instead，because showering may contaminate your puncture site easily.(https://www.daowen.com)
患者：我能吃些什么呢？
P：What can I eat？
护士：在早期，应该遵循少量多餐的原则，饮食以清淡、易消化的低脂流质为主。第1天先进食米汤、菜汁等，进食后密切观察有无腹胀、腹痛、恶心等不适；第2天可进食鱼汤、肉汤、稀饭、新鲜果汁等，观察2～3天，若仍无腹痛、腹胀等不适，3周以后再逐渐恢复到每日三餐的正常饮食习惯。多进食富含维生素及优质蛋白的食物，同时多饮水，以利于冲洗尿中过量的胆盐淤积。
N：In the early stage，you should follow the principle of eating less but more often.The main diet should be light and digestible low-fat liquid.On the first day after the operation，you may take rice soup，vegetable juice，etc.，and observe whether you have abdominal distension，abdominal pain，nausea，etc.On the second day，you may have fish soup，broth，rice porridge and fresh fruit juice，etc.，observing for 2～3days，make sure you feel good and have no abdominal pain or abdominal distension，then you may resume your normal eating habits of three meals a day gradually in 3 weeks.It is suggested to eat more vitamin-rich and protein-rich foods，and drink more water，which helps to flush the excess bile salt deposition in the urine.
患者：好的。
P：All right.
护士：15天复查一次，引流袋一周更换2次。如出现伤口纱布脱落，应及时来门诊更换；出现导管滑出、堵塞或腹痛、发热、黄疸等，要及时来门诊复诊。
N：Reexamination is required every 15 days，and the drainage bag needs to be changed twice a week.If the gauzes fall off，you should go to the outpatient department for replacement right away.If the catheter is blocked or slides out，or you have abdominal pain，fever or jaundice，go to see the doctor.
患者：好的，谢谢你！
P：OK，thank you！
护士：不用谢！
N：You are welcome！
[Phrases]
service center 服务中心
operating room 手术室
slide out 滑脱
drainage fluid 引流液
drainage tube 引流管
in time 及时
the color of the stool 大便的颜色
abdominal pain 腹痛
get up 起床
on the same side 同一侧
puncture point 穿刺点
early stage 早期
follow the principle 遵守原则