Health Education for Patients Undergoing Endosco...
[Glossary]
endoscopic 内窥镜的
nasobiliary 鼻胆管
drainage 引流
retrograde 逆行
cholangiopancreatography 胰胆管造影术
esophagus 食管
pharynx 咽部
nostril 鼻孔
jaundice 黄疸
inflammation 炎症
electrocardiogram 心电图
morphine 吗啡
[Scenario]
护士：王芳，您好，我是您的责任护士孙芊，现在来通知您明天的手术。
N：Hello，Wang Fang.I am your primary nurse Sun Qian.I am here to inform you of the surgery tomorrow.
患者：好的。
P：OK.
护士：根据医嘱，您明天要行ENBD术，手术之后会留置一根鼻胆管。
N：According to the advice of your doctor，tomorrow you are going to have ENBD，and a nasobiliary tube will beleft in your body after the surgery.
患者：请问这是个什么手术？
P：What kind of operation is this？
护士：经内镜鼻胆管引流术是最为常用的内镜胆道引流方法。它是在诊断性逆行胆管造影（ERCP）技术的基础上建立起来的。它采用一根细长的塑料管在内镜下经十二指肠乳头插入胆管中，另一端经十二指肠、胃、食管、咽等从鼻孔引出体外，建立胆汁的体外引流途径。
N：Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage（ENBD）is the most commonly used endoscopic biliary drainage method.It is established on the basis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography（ERCP）.By using this method a long plastic tube is inserted into the bile duct under the endoscope through the duodenal papilla，while the other end of the tube passes the duodenum，stomach，esophagus，pharynx and the nostril to establish a pathway for bile drainage.
患者：有什么目的吗？
P：What is the purpose？
护士：ENBD是简便有效的解除胆道梗阻的方法，通过引流达到减压、减黄、消炎的目的。
N：ENBD is a simple and effective way to alleviate biliary obstruction and to achieve the aim of decompression，eliminating jaundice and inflammation.
患者：那我术前需要准备什么吗？(https://www.daowen.com)
P：What do I need to do before the surgery？
护士：胸片、心电图、血常规、血淀粉酶、出凝血时间等检查完善好。术日前禁食12小时、禁水8小时。年老、体弱及病情较重的患者可酌情补液支持。术前肌肉注射吗啡50 mg，抑制胃肠蠕动，放松Oddi氏括约肌。
N：You need to complete the tests including chest X-ray，electrocardiogram，blood routine，blood amylase，clotting time before the operation.It requires fasting for 12 hours and no drinking for 8 hours before the surgery.For those elderly，fragile and seriously ill patients，fluid infusion can be used.Preoperative intramuscular injection of 50 mg of morphine is commonly provided to inhibit gastrointestinal peristalsis and relax Oddi sphincter.
患者：那术后呢？
P：What do I need to do after the surgery？
护士：一般术后禁食24小时，卧床休息，注意有无腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等情况，如有不适，报告医生处理。术后3小时及次晨分别查血、尿淀粉酶。
N：Under normal circumstances，you must fast for 24 hours and rest in bed.Pay attention to symptoms like abdominal pain，abdominal distension，nausea，vomiting，etc.If you feel uncomfortable，just tell the doctor.The blood and urine amylase should be analyzed 3 hours after the operation and on the next morning respectively.
患者：好的。那鼻胆管我应该注意点什么？
P：All right.What should I pay attention to for the nasobiliary tube？
护士：第一，我们会妥善固定鼻胆管，在鼻孔处我们会用胶布做一个记号，您在洗脸的时候要特别注意，要观察鼻胆管有无脱出，我们会每日更换固定胶布。第二，鼻胆管接负压引流袋，避免打折、扭曲，保证引流通畅，特别是睡觉、翻身时不能压住引流管。第三，注意观察引流液的颜色、性质及量，如果有异常，及时告知医生或护理人员。
N：Firstly，we will properly secure the nasobiliary tubeand mark with a tape on your nostril.You should pay special attention whether the tube slides out or not when washing your face.We will replace the tape every day.Secondly，the nasobiliary tube is connected to a vacuum drainage bag，which should avoid kink，distortion.Make sure it is unobstructed，and do not squeeze the drainage tube when sleeping or turning over.Finally，you must pay attention to the color，nature and volume of the drainage fluid.If something is unusual，please inform the doctor or nursing staff in time.
患者：术后我可以吃东西吗？
P：Can I have foods after the surgery？
护士：术后一般禁饮食24小时，或根据病情禁食，遵医嘱补液，防止发生低血糖。第2天血淀粉酶正常，无腹痛、恶心、呕吐等症状后，进少量温开水。无异常后，可进流食，以后再半流食，清淡饮食，逐渐过渡为普通低脂饮食。要少量多餐，进低脂、高蛋白、易消化的饮食。
N：After the surgery，patients are generally not allowed to eat or drink for 24 hours，or need to fast according to their condition.We will also give intravenous fluid to prevent hypoglycemia.On the second day，you may drink a little warm water if you have a normal blood amylase level and no symptoms such as abdominal pain，nausea，vomiting are observed.If no abnormal reaction occurs after drinking，you can eat a small amount of liquid foods，then gradually convert to the semi-liquid diet，light diet，and then normal low-fat diet.You should have a low-fat，high-protein and digestible diet in a less and more frequent mealsfashion.
患者：好的，谢谢您！
P：OK，thank you！
护士：不用谢！
N：You are welcome！
[Phrases]
inform sb.of 通知某人……
be established on 基于……建立
the basis of ……的基础
duodenal papilla 十二指肠乳头
bile duct 胆管
achieve the aim of 达到……目的
Oddi sphincter Oddi括约肌
urine amylase 尿淀粉酶