Health Education for Patients with Portal Hypert...
[Glossary]
portal 门静脉
hypertension 高压
circulation 循环
splenomegaly 脾大
ascites 腹水
characteristic 特有的
optimistic 乐观的
regeneration 再生
glucose 葡萄糖
hematemesis 呕血
melena 黑便
[Scenario]
患者：李护士，医生今天给我说，我门静脉高压，我没太听明白，你能给我再解释解释吗？
P：Nurse Li，the doctor said that I have portal hypertension.I did not quite understand.Would you please explain it to me？
护士：钱先生，门静脉高压是因为各种原因引起了门静脉系统血流阻力增大，血流量增加超过了门静脉循环的顺应性导致的。它主要表现在：脾脏肿大、腹水、门体侧支循环的形成及门脉高压性胃肠病，其中以门体侧支循环的形成最具特征性。
N：Mr.Qian，portal hypertension is caused by the increase of portal venous blood flow resistance due to a varietyof reasons.When increased blood flow exceeds the portal vein circulation capacity，it may lead to portal hypertension.The main symptoms include：splenomegaly，ascites，formation of portosystemic collateral circulation and portal hypertensive gastrointestinal disease，among which the formation of portosystemic collateral circulation is the most characteristic.
患者：我自己能做些什么？
P：What shall I do？
护士：您要保持心情乐观，避免情绪紧张。休息有利于肝脏微循环的改善，促进肝细胞再生修复，减轻肝损害。您的情况还不严重，可适当参加一些活动，但减少劳动时间及劳动强度。注意劳逸结合，保证足够的卧床休息及睡眠时间。
N：You need to keep an optimistic mood and avoid emotional stress.Resting can improve liver microcirculation.It can also promote the regeneration and repair of liver cells，and reduce liver damage.Your situation is not serious.You may participate in some moderate activities.But you should keep an eye on the time and intensity.You need to alternate work with rest and ensure adequate bed rest and sleeping time.
患者：我会的。
P：I will.(https://www.daowen.com)
护士：您可以多吃富含维生素的食物，食物中除含有高糖、高蛋白质、适当脂肪外，还应含有各种无机盐及微量元素。食物以高糖为主，如米、面、谷类。蛋白质每天给予100 g左右，尽量选用富含各种氨基酸的蛋白质，如鱼、瘦肉、禽、蛋、奶及豆制品等。脂肪一般不宜过多，每天30～50 g即可。尽量不要吃辛辣刺激性食物，严禁饮酒。
N：You can eat foods with rich vitamin，high glucose，high protein and appropriate fat.Meanwhile，foods should also contain all kinds of inorganic salts and microelements.You'd better mainly take foods with high sugar such as rice，flour and cereals.The protein intake should be around 100 g every day，and try to choose the protein rich in different types of amino acids，such as fish，lean meat，poultry，eggs，milk，soy bean products，and so on.Do not eat too much fat，no more than 30～50 g per day.You should avoid spicy and pungent foods.Alcohol is strictly prohibited.
患者：那我回家要注意什么？
P：What should I pay attention to when I go back home？
护士：您还需要按医嘱用护肝、降酶、退黄药物治疗。出院后每2～3个月随访一次，复查血常规、肝功能、甲胎蛋白等，注意有无黄疸、腹水、呕血和黑便。
N：You also need to take medications for liver protection，enzyme reduction，and jaundice treatment according to the doctor's advice.Do not forget to come back for follow-ups every 2～3 months after discharge to recheck your blood count，liver function，alpha fetoprotein（AFP），and observe if there are jaundice，ascites，hematemesis and melena.
患者：谢谢，我能要一下你们的电话吗？我想有问题时再咨询你们。
P：Thank you.May I have your phone number？I'd like to ask you again if I have any questions.
护士：好的，我给您写在纸上。
N：OK，I will write it on the paper.
[Phrases]
be caused by 由……引起
a variety of 各种
blood flow 血流
collateral circulation 侧支循环
gastrointestinal disease 胃肠道疾病
emotional stress 情绪紧张
microcirculation 微循环
participate in 参加
inorganic salt 无机盐
microelement 微量元素
amino acid 氨基酸
alpha fetoprotein（AFP） 甲胎蛋白