Health Education for Diabetic Patients 糖尿病患者的健康...
[Glossary]
diabetes 糖尿病
insulin 胰岛素
hereditary 遗传的
metabolic 代谢的
hyperglycemia 高血糖
deficiency 缺陷
dysfunction 功能障碍
obesity 肥胖
[Scenario]
护士：张阿姨，您好。
N：Hello，Ms.Zhang.
患者：小李，你好。
P：Hello，Xiao li.
护士：您昨晚睡得怎么样？
N：How was your sleep last night？
患者：我昨晚睡得很好。
P：Very well.
护士：您几点钟吃早饭？
N：When will you have breakfast？
患者：现在还不确定，可能再过半个小时吧，我老公去给我买早饭了。
P：I'm not sure yet，maybe half an hour later.My husband went out to buy me breakfast.
护士：好的，您吃早饭之前不要忘记打胰岛素。
N：All right.Don't forget to inject insulin before breakfast.
患者：不会忘记的，我每天都记得，早饭前半个小时打4个单位。
P：I won't.I do it every day-inject 4 units half an hour before breakfast.
护士：非常好，您得糖尿病多久了？
N：Very good.How long have you had diabetes？(https://www.daowen.com)
患者：大概20年了，具体我也记不太清楚。我的血糖一直控制得很好，但是我对糖尿病的认识并不多。你能给我讲讲吗？
P：About 20 years.I don't remember the exact date.My blood sugar has been under control，but my knowledge of diabetes is little.Can you tell me something about it？
护士：当然可以，那我今天就给您讲讲糖尿病的病因和平时需要注意的事项，好吗？
N：Of course，I'll tell you about the cause of diabetes and what to pay attention to，OK？
患者：好的。
P：OK.
护士：糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损，或两者兼有引起的。糖尿病时长期存在的高血糖，导致各种组织，特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。糖尿病的病因主要有两个：第一个是遗传因素，1型和2型糖尿病均存在明显的遗传异质性。糖尿病存在家族发病倾向，1/4～1/2的患者有糖尿病家族史。临床上至少有60种以上的遗传综合征可伴有糖尿病。第二个是环境因素，进食过多，体力活动减少导致的肥胖是2型糖尿病最主要的环境因素，使具有2型糖尿病遗传易感性的个体容易发病。
N：Diabetes mellitus is a collection of metabolic diseasescharacterized by hyperglycemia.Hyperglycemia is caused by the deficiency of insulin secretion or the damage of its biological function，or both.Long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues，especially of the eyes，kidneys，heart，blood vessels and nerves.There are two main causes of diabetes mellitus：the first is genetic factor，both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have obvious genetic heterogeneity.They have a tendency of running in a family，1/4～1/2 patients have a family history.Clinically，there are at least 60 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.The second is environmental factor，obesity caused by excessive eating and limited physical activity is the most important environmental factor of type 2 diabetes，which makes individuals with genetic susceptibility of type 2 more prone to disease onset.
患者：我可能是遗传的糖尿病，因为我家里有糖尿病的人很多。那得了糖尿病需要注意哪些方面呢？我经常听人说“五驾马车”，那是什么意思？
P：My diabetes might be hereditary，because it runs in my family.What should patients pay attention to？I often hear people say“five carriages”，what does that mean？
护士：糖尿病是慢性病。如果患者平时能保持健康的生活习惯，正确注射胰岛素、及时服药的话，血糖是可以控制得很好的，也很少会出现严重的并发症。我们经常说的“五架马车”其实是控制血糖的综合方式，包括：饮食控制、运动疗法、药物治疗、血糖监测和糖尿病教育。
N：Diabetes is a chronic disease.If patients keep healthy habits，use insulin and oral medication correctly，theblood glucose can be controlled very well，and serious complications rarely occur.The“five carriages”that we often talk about is actually an integrated way of controlling blood sugar，including diet control，exercise therapy，medication，blood sugar monitoring and diabetes education.
患者：原来如此，今天我终于明白了，你讲得真的非常详细，谢谢！
P：So that is what it is.I finally have a clue today！You really explained in great detail，thank you！
护士：不用谢！您如果还有什么需要了解的，请告诉我，我会及时为您解答的。
N：You are welcome！If you need to know more，please tell me，I will answer you in time.
患者：好的，我觉得这个时间我该注射胰岛素了。
P：That's very nice！Well，I think it's time for me to inject insulin.
护士：好的。
N：OK.
[Phrases]
blood sugar 血糖
be characterized by 以……为特征
insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌
biological function 生物功能
exercise therapy 运动疗法
blood sugar monitoring 血糖监测