Health Education for Jaundiced Patients 黄疸患者的健康...
[Glossary]
jaundice 黄疸
urine 小便
bilirubin 胆红素
high-quality protein 优质蛋白
bile salt 胆盐
clinical manifestation 临床表现
[Scenario]
护士：您好，李先生，我是您的责任护士娴芝。我现在来给您做一下问诊及一些针对性的健康教育。
N：Hello，Mr.Li，I am your primary nurse.My name is Xian Zhi.I am going to ask you some questions and give you some specific health education now.
患者：好的。
P：Great.
护士：请问您是什么时候发现皮肤和巩膜发黄的？
N：When did you notice your skin and sclera turn yellow？
患者：上个月中旬。
P：In the middle of last month.
护士：有一些其他的不正常表现吗？譬如大小便的颜色、身上有无瘙痒等。
N：Are there any other abnormal symptoms？For example，the color of feces and urine，or skin itchiness.
患者：让我想想。好像是的。大便发白，小便发黄。身上在安静时痒得比较厉害。
P：Let me see.Yes.The feces looks white and the urineisdark yellow.My body itches especially when I'm resting.
护士：好的，这些都是黄疸的一些临床表现。黄疸就是血液中的胆红素过高。出现梗阻性黄疸时，胆汁无法进入肠腔代谢，大便颜色便呈陶土色，而过多的胆红素只能通过泌尿系统代谢，小便颜色就会呈酱油色。胆盐在皮肤下，皮肤就容易瘙痒。
N：OK.These are the clinical manifestations of jaundice.Jaundice is caused by high level of bilirubin in the blood.When obstructive jaundice occurs，the bile may not reach intestinal tract and be metabolized，which makes the color of the feces argil.So the excessive bilirubin can only be excreted through the urinary system，which makes the color of the urine soy sauce.The skin will be itching if the bile salts accumulate under the skin.
患者：那我日常生活中有哪些需要注意的吗？
P：Is there anything I need to pay attention to in my daily life？
护士：首先饮食方面，您不要吃过硬的，如坚果类，应该吃一些优质蛋白、高糖类、高维生素、易消化食物，加强营养。最好不要吃肥肉、油煎、油炸的高脂类食物，不喝浓茶、咖啡。
N：Firstly，you should pay attention to your diets.Don't eat hard foods such as nuts.You should eat digestible foods with rich high-quality protein，carbohydrates and vitamin to strengthen your nutrition.You'd better not eat high-fat foods such as animal fat and fried foods.Strong tea and coffee should also be avoided.
患者：请问什么叫优质蛋白？(https://www.daowen.com)
P：What is high-quality protein？
护士：一般，动物蛋白都是优质蛋白，植物蛋白里大豆蛋白也是优质蛋白。
N：Animal proteins are generally of high quality.Among the vegetable protein，soybean protein is also of high quality.
患者：其他方面呢？
P：Anything else？
护士：您应该多注意休息。最好晚上10点前睡觉，保证8小时以上的睡觉时间。平时生活中不可过度劳累，适当活动。
N：You are suggested to take more rest，and go to bed before 10 p.m.Make sure you can sleep for at least 8 hours.Try not to overtire yourself in daily life，and take moderate exercises.
患者：好的。
P：OK.
护士：皮肤瘙痒的时候，自己不要抓挠，避免抓破感染。尽量穿宽松的棉质衣服。实在太痒，可以根据情况让医生给您开点止痒的药膏涂抹。洗澡时，尽量清水洗，避免使用碱性较大的沐浴液、肥皂等。
N：Please don't scratch when you feel itchy to avoid skin infection.Try to wear loose cotton clothes.If the skin is too itching，you can ask the doctor to prescribe some medicines to relieve.Please bath with clean water，do not use alkaline shower gel，soap，etc.
患者：这样啊。
P：I see.
护士：最后，医生会根据您的情况开一些静脉药物来缓解疾病。所以不要太担心，放松心情。
N：Finally，the doctor will prescribe some intravenous medicines to relieve the disease according to your situation.So don't worry too much，be relaxed.
患者：我明白了，凌护士。谢谢你的宣教。
P：I see，Nurse Ling.Thank you for your information.
护士：不客气，应该的。如果有什么其他想知道的，可以来问我。
N：You're welcome.Feel free to reach out to me for any further questions you may have.
患者：谢谢！
P：Thank you！
护士：不用谢。那您注意休息。
N：It is my pleasure.Have a good rest.
[Phrases]
health education 健康教育
urinary system 泌尿系统
in one's daily life 在……的日常生活中