另附

奥德丽·理查兹大事年谱[1]

1899　出生于英国；父亲从事法律工作，受封爵位，母亲家境优越，在家中四个女儿中排行第二。

1904—1909　在印度度过童年时代。

1911　进入英国有名的寄宿学校（Downe House）。

1922　进入剑桥大学的纽纳姆学院，主修文化与生物学，毕业时获得自然科学学位。

1920—1928　选择未来方向的年代。从事各种工作：速记、打字；到德国从事社会福利服务；为不同福利机构工作；为中学母校工作。

1924—1928　英国劳工部下的国际联盟机构做秘书。

1928　进入伦敦经济学院读研究生，成为马林诺夫斯基的学生，在福蒂斯（Meyer Fortes）和萨波罗（Isaac Schapera）之后，与埃文思-普里查德（E.E.Evans-Pritchard）、梅尔（Lucy Mair）、鲍德梅克（Hortense Powdermaker）成为同学。

1930　获得伦敦经济学院的博士学位。论文题目：《一个原始部落的饥饿与劳动》。第一次到北罗得西亚（赞比亚）做田野工作。

1932　出版《一个原始部落的饥饿与劳动》。

1933—1934　继续在北罗得西亚的本巴地区做田野工作。

1934　接受马林诺夫斯基到东非的探访。

1935　担任非洲语言文化国际研究会的饮食委员会主任。

1931—1937　任伦敦经济学院的讲师。

1938　任南非金山大学（Witswatersrand）人类学系高级讲师。在北索托（Northern Transvaal）的茨瓦纳人（Tswana）中做田野工作。

1939　出版《北罗得西亚的土地、劳力与饮食》。

1941　回到英国，在殖民办公室工作。获得欢迎奖章（Welcome Medal）。

1944　在伦敦经济学院任课。被任命为殖民地社会科学研究会工作人员，负责筹划战后人类学研究计划。

1945　因杰出研究成果而获得里弗斯纪念奖章（Rivers Memorial Medal）。

1946—1951　任伦敦经济学院阅读讲师。

1948　帮助筹建了乌干达的麦克勒里大学（Makherere University）的东非社会研究所。

1950—1955　任东非社会研究所所长。

1955　获得最优秀不列颠帝国（五个等级中的第三等）司令勋章（CBE）。从东非社会研究所退休。

1956　任纽纳姆学院人类学研究所主任。继续教学。建立跨学科研讨会。成立剑桥非洲研究会。发表穆罗讲座（Munro Lectures）。重新担任殖民地社会科学研究会的研究人员。出版《祈颂姑：赞比亚本巴女孩的一次成人仪式》。

1958　发表多次演讲。

1959—1961　任皇家人类学会会长，第一位女会长。

1962—1967　任斯玛茨（Smuts）人类学阅读讲师。

1962　与利奇合作研究所居住的艾塞克斯社区问题，培养研究生做民族志田野工作。

1963　发表皇家研究院演讲。

1965　发表弗雷泽演讲（Frazer Lecture）。

1963—1966　任非洲研究会会长。

1970　被选为不列颠国家学术院院士。

1975　继续研究艾尔姆顿家庭问题。身体开始衰弱。

1984　去世。

奥德丽·理查兹的出版文献目录[2]

说明一　本目录基于

1972年出版的“奥德丽·理查兹主要著作目录”（“Bibliography of the Principal Writings of Audrey Richards”by P.H.Gulliver.The Interpretation of Ritual：Essays in Honour ofA.I.Richards.Edited by J.S.L a Fontaine.1972.Pp.285—9）

1992年出版的“奥德丽·理查兹”著作目录（Audrey I.Richards.By T.M.Luhrmann.Personsand PowersofWomen in Diverse Cultures.Edited by Shirley Ardener.1992.Pp.51—57）。（另见http://classes.yale.edu/03—04/anth500b/projects/project_sites/01_Margaretten/bibliography.htm 2015年8月20日确认）。

说明二　以下目录中的刊物名称缩写：

EAISR............East African Institute of Social Research

JAA..............Journal of African Administration

JRAI...............Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

JRAS..............Journal of the Royal African Society

PRAI...............Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute

SAJS...............South African Journal of Science

说明三　奥德丽·理查兹的田野笔记等资料现存于伦敦经济学院的理查兹档案，见http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx？src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=RICHARDS（2015年8月20日确认）。

说明四　奥德丽·理查兹的其他档案资料存于剑桥大学社会人类学系档案室。

说明五　耶鲁大学人类学系在2003—04年有过一个研究马林诺夫斯基的项目，其中有一个论述奥德丽·理查兹的网页（Audrey I.Richards 1899—1984），包括生平、书目和评述。http://classes.yale.edu/03—04/anth500b/projects/project_sites/01_Margaretten/paper.htm（2015年8月20日确认）。

1932a Hunger and Work in n Savage Tribe：A Functional Study ofNutrition Among the Southern Bantu.London，Routeledge.

1932b“Anthropological Problems in Northeastern Rhodesia，”Africa，no.5，pp.123—44.

1932c“An Anthropologist in Northern Rhodesia，”The Listener，no.7，pp.783—4.

1932d Review of J.H.Driberg，“At Home with the Savage，”Africa，no.5，pp.523—5.

1932e Review of J.H.Ronhaar，“Women in Primitive Mother-right Societies，”Man，no.32，pp.170—1.

1934a“Mother Right among the Central Bantu，”in E.E.Evans-Pritchard，R.Firth，B.Malinowski（eds.），Essays Presented to C.G.Seligman，London，Kegan Paul，pp.267—79.

1934b Review of Lucy Mair，“An African People in the Twentieth Century，”Africa，no.7，pp.497—8.

1934c Review of John Henderson Sage，“The Ama-Xosa：Life and Customs，”Man，no.34，pp.25—6.

1935a“The Village Census in the Study of Contact Problems”in Africa，no.8，pp.20—33.

1935b“Tribal Government in Transition，”JRAS，no.34，October Suuuplement.

1935c“Preliminary Notes in the Babemba of North-eastern Rhodesia，”Bantu Studies，no.9，pp.225—53.

1935d“A Modern Movement of Witchfinders，”Africa，no.8，pp.448—61.

1935e“From Bush to Mine，”Geographical Magazine.

1935f“Urbanizing the Native，”Spectator，June.

1935h Letter to the Editor.Man，no.35，pp.30—2.

1936a“The Life of Bwembya，a Native of Northern Rhodesia，”in M.Perham（ed.），Ten Africans，London，Faber & Faber，pp.17—40.

1936b With E.M.Widdowson，“A Dietary Study in North-eastern Rhodesia，”Africa，no.9.pp.166—96.

1936c Review of A.D.Hall，“The Improvement of Native Agriculture in Relation to Population and Public Health，”Africa，no.9，pp.559—9.

1936e Symposium Contribution on“Patterns of Culture，”Man，no.36，pp.114—5.

1937a“Reciprocal Clan Relationships among the Bemba of North-eastern Rhodesia，”Man，no.37，pp.188—93.

1937b“Review of R.R.Marett，‘Tylor，’”Man，no.37，p.182.

1938“The Village Census in the Study of Culture Contact，”in Methods of Study of Culture Contact in Africa，London，International Institute of African Languages &Cultures memo.ⅹⅴ），pp.46—59.

1939a Land Labor and Diet in Northern Rhodesia：An Economic Study of the Bemba Tribe，London，Oxford University Press for International Institute of African Languages and Cultures.

1939b“The Development of Field Work Methods in Social Anthropology，”in F.C.Bartlett，M.Ginsburg，E.J.Lungren and R.S.Thouless（eds.），The Study of Society；Methods and Problems Part Ⅱ，London，Routledge & Kegan Paul.

1939c Review of Godfrey Wilson，“The Land Rights of Individuals Among the Nyakusa，”Africa，no.12，pp.381—3.

1940a“The Political System of the Bemba of North-eastern Rhodesia，”in M.Fortes &E.E.Evans-Pritchard（eds.），African Political Systems，London，Oxford University Press，pp.83—120.

1940b Bemba Marriage and Present Economic Conditions，Livingstone，Rhodes-Livingstone Institute（Rhodes-Livingstone Paper no.4）.

1941a“A Problem of Anthropological Approach，”Bantu Studies，March，pp.45—52.

1941b“Review of I.Schapera（ed.），‘A Select Bibliography of South African Native Life and Problems’，”African Affairs，no.50，pp.377—8.

1942“Some Causes of a Revival of Tribalism in South African Native Reserves，”Man，no.41，pp.89—90.

1943a“Bronislaw Kaspar Malinowski，”Man，no.43，pp.1—4.

1943b Review of Max Gluckman，Economy of the Central Baroste Plain，Africa，no.14，pp.46—8.

1943c Review of T.D.Ramsey，“Tsonga Law in the Transvaal，”Africa，no.14，pp.149—50.

1943d Review of Daryll Forde，“Marriage and the Family Among the Yako in South Eastern Nigeria，”Man，no.43，pp.66—7.

1944a“Practical Anthropology in the Life-time of the African Institute，”Africa，no.14，pp.289—300.

1944b“Pottery Images of Mbusa used at the Chisungu Ceremonies of the Bemba People of North-eastern Rhodesia，”SAJS，no.41，pp.444—58.

1944c“Godfrey Wilson，”Man，no.44，pp.125—6.

1944d Review of E.J.& J.Krige，“The Realm of the Rain Queen，”Man，no.44，pp.148—50.

1945a Review of W.V.Brelsford，“The Succession of Bemba Chiefs：A Guide for District Officers，”Africa，no.15，pp.97—8.

1945b Review of C.Leubuscher，“Tanganikia Territory：A Study of Economic Policy Under Mandate，”Africa，no.15，pp.218—20.

1946a Review of I.Schapera，“Tribal Legislation Among the Tswana of Bechuanaland：A Study in the Mechanism of Cultural Change，”Man，no.46，pp.20—1.

1946b Review of E.E.Evans-Pritchard，“Some Aspects of Marriage and the Family among the Nuer，”and D.W.T.Shropshire，“Primitive Marriage and European Law，”African Affairs，no.45，pp.212—3.

1947a Colonial Problems as a Challenge to the Social Sciences，London，Anti-Slavery &Aborigines Protection Society.

1947b“Social Research in the Colonial Field，”Pilot Papers，no.2，pp.26—38.

1947c Review of L.W.Simmons，“The Role of the Aged in Primitive Society，”Africa，no.17，pp.62—3.

1947d Review of E.E.Evans-Pritchard，“Some Aspects of Marriage and the Family A-mong the Nuer，”Man，no.47，pp.102—3.

1948 Review of Hilda Kuper，“An African Aristocracy：Rank among the Swazi of Swaziland，”Man，no.48，pp.142—3.

1949a“Colonial Future：The Need for Facts，”Spectator，February.

1949b Review of Bengt G.M.Sundkler，“Bantu Prophets in South Africa，”Africa，no.19，pp.248—9.

1949c Review of Ralph Linton，“The Colonial Background of Personality，”Man，no.49，pp.58.

1949d Review of W.V.Brelsford，“Land Holding and Land Usage Among the Plateau Tonga of Mazabuka District，”African Affairs，no.48.pp.340—1.

1949e Review of Alan Burns，Colour Prejudice：With Particular Reference to the Relationship between Whites and Negroes.International Affairs，25（4），p.555

1950a“Huts and Hut-building among the Bemba，”Man，no.50，pp.87—90 and 101—9.

1950b“Some Types of Family Structure among the Central Bantu，”in A.R.Radcliffe-Brown & D.Forde（eds.），African Systems of Kinship and Marriage，London，OUP，pp.207—51.

1951a“The Present Day Recruitment of Chiefs in Buganda，”in Report of the Astrida Conference 1951，Kampala，EAISR.

1951b“The Bemba of North-eastern Rhodesia，”in E.Colson and M.Gluckman（eds.），Seven Tribes of British Central Africa，London，OUP for Rhodes-Livingstone Institute，pp.164—93.

1951c Note：EAISR：First Conference，Man，no.51，p.65.

1951d Review of Clyde Kluckholn（ed.）& H.A.Murray，“Personality in Nature，Society，and Culture，”Man，no.51，pp.9—11.

1952a With A.B.Mukwaya，“Discussion on the Difference between Busoga and Buganda System of Chiefs，”in Conference Papers.Kampala，EAISR.Incorporated in East African Chiefs.

1952b“Some Preliminary Suggestions on the Determinants of Clan and Lineage Structures，and the Present Day Recruitment of Chiefs in Buganda，”in Institut pour le Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale，Comptes Rendues des Travaux du Seminaire d'Anthropologie Sociale，July 1951.

1952c Review of Claude Levi-Strauss，“Les Structures Elementaires de la Parente，”Man，no.52，pp.12—3.

1953a“Anthropological Research in East Africa，”Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences，no.16，pp.44—9.

1953b“East African Conference on Colonial Administration［Position of the Lower Chiefs］，”JAA，no.5，pp.62—5.

1954a Economic Development and Tribal Change：A Study of Immigrant Labour in Buganda.Cambridge，Heffer for EAISR.

1954b With P.Reining，“Report on Fertility Survey in Buganda and Buhaya，1952，”in F.Lorimer（ed.），Culture and Human Fertility，Paris，UNESCO，pp.341—403.

1955a“Ganda，Clan Structure，Some Preliminary Notes，”in Conference Papers，Kampala，EAISR.

1955b“The Tribal Kingdom of Uganda，”Times British Colonies Review，no.20.

1956a Chisungu：A Girl's Initiation Ceremony Among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia，London，Faber & Faber.

1956b“The Human Problems of Africa，”Listener，no.56，pp.740—1.

1957a“The Concept of Culture in Malinowski's Work，”in R.Firth（ed.），Man and Culture：An Evaluation of the Work of Bronislaw Malinowski，London，Routledge &Kegan，Paul，pp.15—31.

1957b“The Human Problems of Africa，”Corona，no.9.137—40.

1958a“A Changing Pattern of Agriculture in East Africa：The Bemba of Northern Rhodesia，”Geographic Journal，no.124，pp.302—14.

1958b Tribal Groups in Kenya.Times British Colonies Review，pp.21—2.

1958c Review of Max Gluckman，“Custom and Conflict，”Man，no.58，pp.117—8.

1958d Review of Monica Wilson，“Rituals of Kinship among the Nyakusa，”Man，no.58，p.135.

1959 Review of Victor Turner，“Schism and Continuity in an African Society，”Africa，no.29，pp.88—90.

1960a East African Chief s：A Study of Political Development in Some Uganda and Tanganiyika Tribes，London，Faber & Faber，New York，Praeger.

1960b“Social Mechanisms for the Transfer of Political Rights in some African Tribes，”JRAI，no.90，pp.175—90.

1960c“The Bemba，their Country and Diet，”in S.& P.Ottenberg（eds.），Cultures and Societies of Africa，New York：Random House，pp.96—109.

1961a Land，Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia，2nd reprint，London，Oxford University Press.

1961b“Agnes Winifred Hoernle，1885—1960，”Man，no.61，p.35.

1961c“Anthropology on the Scrap-Heap？，”JAA，no.13，pp.3—10.

1961d“African Kings and their Royal Relatives，”JRAI，no.91，pp.135—50.

1962a“Constitutional Problems in Uganda，”PoliticalQuarterly，no.33（4），pp.360—9.1962b“Chisungu，”Problemes Sociaux Congolais，no.59，pp.83—112.

1962c“Tribe and Nation in East Africa，”The Round Table，June.

1962d Review of Georges Charbonnier，“Entrtiens avec Claude Levi-Strauss，”Man，no.62，pp.125—6.

1962e Review of Denise Paulme，“Femmes d'Afrique Noire，”Africa，no.32，pp.84—6.

1962f Review of M.Perham & M.Bull（eds.），“The Diaries of Lord Lugard，”Africa，no.32，pp.74—6.

1963a“Some Effects of the Introduction of Individual Freehold into Buganda，”in D.Biebuyck（ed.），African Agrarian Systems，London，OUP for International African Institute，pp.267—280.

1963b Introduction to P.C.W.Gutkind，The Royal Capital of Buganda，The Hague，Morton.

1963c“The Pragmatic Value of Magic in Primitive Societies，”PRAI，no.39，pp.340—47.

1963d“Multi-tribalism in African Urban Areas，”in Urbanization in African Social Change，Edinburgh，University of Edinburgh for African Studies，pp.43—51.

1963e“Malinowski”New Society 41（16）：16—17.

1963f Review of C.M.N.White，“Tradition and Change in Luvale Marriage，”Africa：Journal of the International African Institute，Vol.33，No.4，pp.378—379

1964a“Epilogue.”In L.A.Fallers（ed.），The King's Men，London，OUP for EAISR.

1964b“Freedom，Communications and Transport，”in D.Bidney（ed.），The Concept of Freedom in Anthropology，The Hague，Mouton.

1964c Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe：A Functional Study of Nutrition among the Southern Bantu.Reprint.Cleveland/New York，The World Publishing Co.

1964d Review of Hotense Powdermaker，“Copper Town，”Africa，no.34，pp.64—5.

1964e Review of John Middleton（ed.），“Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa，”Man，no.64，pp.187—8.

1965“The Adaption of Universities to the African Situation，”Minerva，pp.336—42.

1966a The Changing Structure of a Ganda Village：Kisozi 1892—1952，Nairobi，East Africa Publishing House for EAISR（EA，Studies no.24）.

1966b“Multi-tribalism in African Urban Areas，”Civilisations，no.16，pp.354—64.

1966c Review of S.A.Richardson，B.S.Dohrenwend，& D.Klein，“Interviewing：Its Forms and Functions，”Man，n.s.，no.1，pp.262—3.

1967a“African Systems of Thought：an Anglo-French Dialogue，”Man，n.s.，no.2，pp.286—98.

1967b Presidential Address to the Conference of the African Studies Association of the United Kingdom held at Edinburgh，21—24 September 1966.African Affairs，no.66，pp.40—54.

1967c Tribute to Sir Gore Brown，The Times，August 12.

1968“Keeping the King Divine，”Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute，pp.23—5.

1969a The Multicultural States of East Africa，Montreal，McGill-Queen's University Press for Centre for Developing Areas Studies（Keith Collard Lectures，series 3）.

1969b“Characteristics of Ethical Systems in Primitive Human Society，”in F.J.Ebling（ed.），Biology and Ethics，London，Academic Press（Institute of Biology Symposia no.18），pp.23—32.

1969c“Bronislaw Malinowski，”in T.R.Raison（ed.），The Founding Fathers of Social Science，London，Penguin.First Published in New Society，July 1963.

1970“Socialization and Contemporary British Anthropology，”in P.Mayer（ed.），Socialization：The Approach from Social Anthropology，ASA monograph and London，Tavistock.

1971 With Adam Kuper（ed.），Councils in Action.Cambridge，CUP（Cambridge Papers in Social Anthropology no.6）.

1972 Letter to the Editor，The Times，January 6，p.11.

1973a Economic Development and Tribal Change：A Study of Immigration Labour in Buganda.Revised edition，Nairobi，OUP.

1973b With Ford Sturrock & Jean M.Fortt，（eds.），Subsistence to Commercial Farming in Present Day Buganda：An Economic and Anthropological Survey，Cambridge，CUP.

1974a“The Position of Women：An Anthropological View，”Cambridge Anthropology，vol.1，no.3.，pp.3—10.

1974b With C.Tardits，“A Propos du Marriage Bemba，”L'Homme，vol.14，nos.3—4，pp.111—18.

1975 With Jean Robin，Some Elmdon Families，Elmdon，Audrey Richards.

1977a“The Rhodes-Livingstone Institute：An Experiment in Social Research 1933—38，”Afr.Soc.Res，no.24，pp.275—8.

1977b“The Colonial Office and the Organization of Social Research，”Anthropological Forum，vol.4，no.2，pp.32—53.

1980 In Jean Robin，Elmdon，Cambridge，Cambridge University Press，pp.ⅹⅰ—ⅹⅹⅹⅷ.

1981 Kinship at the Core.In Kinship at the Core：An Anthropology of Elmdon，a Village in North-west Essex in the Nineteen-Sixties.eds.Marilyn Strathern and Audrey Richards.Cambridge University Press，pp.ⅹⅰ—ⅹⅹⅹ.

1982a Chisungu：A Girl's Initiation Ceremony among the Bemba of Zambia，2nd ed.with new introduction by Jean La Fontaine，London，Tavistock（with new preface）.

1982b“East African Chiefs”and its sequel“Changing Local Government Policy 1950—1970；Chiefs and Administrators in Buganda，”in A.F.Robertson（ed.），Uganda's First Republic，Cambridge，Cambridge African Studies Centre，pp.8—52.