注释

第1章 伽利略如何制造了意识问题

1 Seth,"The Real Problem."

2 Paley,NaturalTheology.

3 Dawkins,The Blind Watchmaker.

4 Paul Churchland,Matter and Consciousness.

5 这是闵可夫斯基在1908年9月21日第80届德国自然科学家和医学家大会上演讲的开头，收录在他的Space and Time，72。

6 Galileo,The Assayer,237–38.

第2章 机器中有幽灵吗？

1 Bloom,Descartes'Baby.

2 Hume,An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,VII.

3 Chalmers,"Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness";Chalmers,The Conscious Mind.

4 London and Bauer,"TheTheory of Observation in Quantum Mechanics";Wigner,"Remarks on the Mind-Body Question,"169.

5 Stapp,Mind,Matter and Quantum Mechanics.

6 Chalmers and McQueen，“Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function”；McQueen的文章《意识引发了量子坍缩吗？》（“Does Consciousness Cause Quantum Collapse？”）是我写作这一节时的重要参考文献。

7 von Neumann,Mathematical Foundations of QuantumTheory.

8 Everett,"'Relative State'Formulation of Quantum Mechanics."

9 Einstein,"On the Method ofTheoretical Physics."

第3章 物理科学能够解释意识吗？

1 Krauss,"The Consolation of Philosophy."

2 Ladyman and Ross,EveryThing Must Go,29.

3 Patricia S.Churchland,Touching a Nerve,60.

4 这一思想实验在伽利略未出版的著作《论运动》（De Moto）中有过概述。

5 Nagel,The View from Nowhere.

6 Ludlow,Nagasawa,and Stoljar,There's Something About Mary.

7 Leibniz,The Monadology,Section 17.

8 Jackson，“Epiphenomenal qualia.”在同一年间，哲学家霍华德·罗宾逊（Howard Robinson）在他的《物质与感觉》（Matter and Sense）中提出了一个类似的思想实验，其论证本质上与杰克逊的相同。有些不公平的是，人们对罗宾逊的论证知之甚少，这可能是因为他的思想实验中缺失的知识是关于声音的体验，而非颜色的体验。

9 Dennett,Consciousness Explained;Paul M.Churchland,"Consciousness and the Introspection of'Qualitative Simples.'"

10 Dennett,Consciousness Explained,400.

11 Nordby,"What IsThisThing You Call Color?,"79-82.

12 Nordby,"What IsThisThing You Call Color?,"77.

13 Dennett,Consciousness Explained,399–400.

14 僵尸（zombie）作为哲学术语来自罗伯特·科克（Robert Kirk）的发明，他在论文Zombies vs.Materialists和Sentience and Behaviour中采用了它。大卫·查默斯在The Conscious Mind一书中对僵尸论证作出了极富影响力的详尽辩护。

15 Seth，“Conscious Spoons，Really？Pushing Back Against Panpsychism.”虽然这篇博客的标题听起来对泛心论充满敌意，但通过个人交流我知道塞思对泛心论的哲学支持案例并没有敌意。这篇博文是对Quartz杂志上一篇文章的回应，文章基于对我、查默斯和赫达·哈塞尔·默克（Hedda Hassel Mørch）的采访。我们三人在采访中都强调，绝大多数泛心论者都否认勺子具有意识。

16 Frankish,"Illusionism as aTheory of Consciousness,"12–13.

17 Strawson,"The Consciousness Deniers."

18 Searle,"Minds,Brains and Programs."

19 Humphrey,Soul Dust.

20 Levine,Purple Haze.

第4章 如何解决意识问题

1 大卫·查默斯在其经典论文“Facing Up to the Problem of Conscious-ness”（他在该文中发明了“困难问题”这一术语）做了这个比较，尽管他在文中是为二元论而非泛心论辩护。

2 Strawson,"Realistic Materialism:Why Physicalism Entails Panpsychism,"p.29.

3 转引自Isaacson，Einstein：His Life and Universe，p.262。

4 Eddington,The Nature of the Physical World,Chapter 12.

5 由PhilPapers开展的一项调查，参见https：//philpapers.org。

6 Eddington,The Nature of the Physical World,Chapter 12.

7 Hawking,A Brief History of Time,174.

8 Eddington,The Nature of the Physical World,Chapter 12.

9 Eddington,The Nature of the Physical World,Chapter 13.

10 Eddington,The Nature of the Physical World,Chapter 12.

11 Blackmore,"First Person—Into the Unknown."

12 Episode 25 ofThe Panpsycast,available at http://thepanpsycast.com.

13 Papineau,"The Problem of Consciousness."

14 Papineau,"The Problem of Consciousness."

15 James，Principles of Psychology，160.尽管组合问题可以追溯到詹姆士那里，但是“组合问题”这个说法出自William Seager的文章Con-sciousness，Information，and Panpsychism。

16 James,Principles of Psychology,160.

17 Descartes,Meditations on First Philosophy,59.

18 Sperry,"Consciousness,Personal Identity,and the Divided Brain."

19 加扎尼加在Cerebral Specialization and Interhemispheric Communica-tion一文中总结了他关于两个半脑的分工的许多发现。

20 Roelofs,Combining Minds.

21 Laplace,A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities,4.

22 Hendry,The Metaphysics of Chemistry.

23 Mørch,Panpsychism and Causation.

24 Mørch,"The Integrated InformationTheory of Consciousness."

25 Teilhard de Chardin,The Phenomenon of Man.

26 Russell,The Analysis of Matter,325.

第5章 意识与生命的意义

1 Zorgon,The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Many Realities.

2 Watts et al.,"The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change."

3 Holder,Kommenda,and Watts,"TheThree-Degree World."

4 这方面一个牢靠的信源是https：//www.skepticalscience.com/。

5 Hume,An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,XII:23.

6 Hume,An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,XII:24.

7 朱利安·巴吉尼（Julian Baggini）在其文章Hume the Humane中也留意到了休谟与我们时代的相关性。

8 根据ComRes于2017年进行的一项民意调查，委托方是英国非营利组织能源与气候智库，数据参见https：//www.comresglobal.com。

9 https://climateactiontracker.org.

10 Klein,This Changes Everything,177.

11 Klein,This Changes Everything,170.

12 Papineau,"The Problem of Consciousness."

13 Gagliano et al.,"Learning by Association in Plants."

14 引自“Is Eating Plants Wrong？，”BBC Radio 4。现已制作为一期播客，可从以下地址获取：https：//www.bbc.co.uk。

15 Novoplansky et al.,"Plant Responsiveness to Root–Root Communication of Stress Cues."

16 Simard,"Mycorrhizal Networks Facilitate Tree Communication,Learning and Memory."

17 van Inwagan,An Essay on Free Will,Chapter 4.

18 Lowe,Personal Agency,Part II.

19 Libet et al.,"Time of Conscious Intention to Act in Relation to Onset of Cerebral Activity (Readiness Potential)";Libet,"Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action."

20 Dennett,Freedom Evolves,Chapter 8.

21 Soon et al.,"Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain."

22 Miri Albahari在文章Beyond Cosmopsychism and the Great I Am：How the World Might Be Grounded in Universal‘Advaitic’ Consciousness中阐述并捍卫了这一吠檀多一元论观点。我对这一观点的描述多受益于她。

23 Schaffer,"Spacetime:The One Substance."

24 Schneider,"Spacetime Emergence,Panpsychism and the Nature of Con-sciousness."

25 Schneider,"Spacetime Emergence,Panpsychism and the Nature of Con-sciousness."

26 Harris,Waking Up.

27 Harris,The Moral Landscape;Pinker,Enlightenment Now.

28 Harris,The Moral Landscape,39.

29 克雷格与哈里斯的辩论发生在2011年4月印第安纳州的圣母大学。参见https：//samharris.org及https：//www.reasonablefaith.org。

30 James,The Varieties of Religious Experience,Lectures XVI and XVII.

31 James,The Varieties of Religious Experience,Lectures XVI and XVII.

32 Weber,The Sociology of Religion.