本章小结
本章论述了欧洲能源互联网的电力基础设施法律和政策。首先，电力基础设施的确定规则中，根据欧盟立法和工作机构的规定，将智能电网纳入了最新的欧盟条例中，更加符合能源互联网法律概念下的定义要求。通过对共同利益项目的识别和指定，欧盟优先开发一部分电力基础设施作为发展的重点。其次，欧盟对电力基础设施，尤其是共同利益项目实行欧盟财政支持和高风险项目激励的措施。电力基础设施互联作为欧盟能源互联战略的一部分，已确定了四个优先通道和三个优先专题领域，是欧盟重点和优先支持援建的领域。能源监管合作机构发布的PCI风险评估和激励措施建议，在财政援助的基础上更加注重电力基础设施中具有高风险的部分。这些建议包括“7步共同风险评估方法”、适用激励措施应遵循的一般原则、特定风险缓解措施等方面。再次，电力基础设施的安全管理制度也具有特色。欧盟要求委员会独立实施安全检查职能，重点关注风险较大的电力基础设施的安全管理，有助于有针对性地维护电力基础设施的安全。关键基础设施警告信息网络制度、运营网络安全制度以及安全联络员制度等有助于实现欧洲电力基础设施的安全管理目的。欧盟还重视公众参与电力基础设施的安全管理，体现为积极参与公众咨询与监督。最后，欧洲能源互联网的电力基础设施的法律和政策也存在不足之处，比如，缺乏针对电力基础设施的专门立法、简化环境评估程序、对可再生能源并入电力基础设施消纳的支持力度不够及电力基础设施的信息交流机制存在不足等，还需要不断修改立法加以完善。比如，完善欧洲“关键基础设施”的内涵，建议欧盟及其成员国共同针对PCI开展环境评估程序，在“市场一体化”和“供应安全”的标准中囊括可再生能源并网内容，以及多层次永久能源对话机制的建立等。
【注释】
[1]Justin Yifu Lin，“New Structural Economics：A Framework for Rethinking Development”，The World Bank Research Observer 26，2011，p.201.
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[3]Regulation（EU）No.347/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2013 on Guidelines for Trans-European Energy Infrastructure and Repealing Decision No.1364/2006/EC and Amending Regulations（EC）No.713/2009，（EC）No.714/2009 and（EC）No.715/2009，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/？uri=CELEX：32013R0347，December 15，2019.
[4]“Ten-Year Network Development Plan 2016”Executive Report，ENTSO-E AISBL，p.40.
[5]参见《欧委会公布重点能源基础设施项目清单》，载中国行业研究网：http://www.chinairn.com/news/20131017/175642743.html，2019年12月25日最后访问。
[6]Martha Roggenkamp et al.，Energy Law in Europe：National，EU and International Regulation，3rd edition，New York，Oxford University Press，2016，p.301.
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[14]See Recommendation of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators No.03/2014，on Incentives for Projects of Common Interest and on a Common Methodology for Risk Evaluation，https://www.acer.europa.eu/Official_documents/Acts_of_the_Agency/Recommendations/ACER%20Recommendation%2003-2014.pdf，December 25，2019.
[15]Commission Delegated Regulation（EU）No.89/2016 of 18 November 2015 Amending Regulation（EU）No.347/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the Union List of Projects of Common Interest，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/？uri=uriserv：OJ.L_.2016.019.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ：L：2016：019：TOC，December 25，2019.
[16]Martha Roggenkamp et al.，Energy Law in Europe：National，EU and International Regulation，3rd edition，New York，Oxford University Press，2016，p.301.
[17]See Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament，“Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Fight Against Terrorism”，/*COM/2004/0702 final*/，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/？uri=celex：52004DC0702，December 25，2019.
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[19]See Directive 2005/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006，“Measures to Safeguard Security of Electricity Supply and Infrastructure Investment”，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/？uri=celex%3A32005L0089，December 25，2019.
[20]参见黄进主编：《中国能源安全若干法律与政策问题研究》，经济科学出版社2013年版，第152页。
[21]See Maria Lee et al.，“Public Participation and Climate Change Infrastructure”，Journal of Environmental Law 25，2013，pp.33-62.
[22]See“Evaluation of the TEN-E Regulation”European Commission，https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/consultations/evaluation-ten-e-regulation，December 25，2019.
[23]“Grid Infrastructure Communication Toolkit”，https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/multisite/gridcommunicationstoolkit/en，December 27，2019.
[24]“Position Paper of the TNCEIP on EU Policy on Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection（November 2012）”，https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/20121114_tnceip_eupolicy_position_paper.pdf，December 25，2019.
[25]Stakeholder Groups，https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/multisite/gridcommunicationstoolkit/en/stakeholder-groups，December 27，2019.
[26]Lorna Ryan，“Governance of EU Research Policy：Charting Forms of Scientific Democracy in the European Research Area”，Science and Public Policy 42，2015，p.311.
[27]Raphael J.Heffron，Kim Talus，“The Development of Energy Law in the 21st Century：a Paradigm Shift？”，The Journal of World Energy Law & Business 9，2016，p.200.
[28]参见陈烨、李红日：《智能电网要求下的20kV配网建设需求分析》，载《水电站机电技术》2012年第6期。
[29]Mid-term Evaluation of the Connecting Europe Facility（Formerly Smart Cities），TEN/606，para.6，4.
[30]See Dieter Helm，“British Infrastructure Policy and the Gradual Return of the State”，Oxford Review of Economic Policy 29，2013，p.289.
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[32]Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the Promotion of the use of Energy from Renewable Sources and Amending and Subsequently Repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/？qid=1508476394214&uri=CELEX：02009L0028-20151005，December 25，2019.
[33]Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/？qid=1490867812536&uri=CELEX：52016SC0410，December 25，2019.
[34]Rafael Leal-Arcas，Juan Alemany Ríos，Costantino Grasso，“The European Union and its Energy Security Challenges”，Journal of World Energy Law and Business 8，2015，p.298.
[35]V.Birchfield，J.Duffield，Toward a Common European Union Energy Policy：Problems，Progress，and Prospects，New York，Palgrave Macmillan，2011，p.275.
[36]See Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament，The Council，The European Economic and Social Committee，the Committee of the Regions，and the European Investment Bank Accelerating Clean Energy Innovation，COM/2016/0763 final，http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/？qid=1485940952728&uri=CELEX：52016DC0763，December 25，2019.
[37]Opinion of the European Committee of the Regions Energy Union Governance and Clean Energy，124th Plenary Session，12-13 July 2017，ENVE-VI/018.