深静脉手术术后的问题及预防
1.术后发生静脉血栓形成
静脉血栓形成是深静脉手术后最主要的并发症,其原因有:①包括静脉瓣膜包裹环缩、戴戒;②静脉壁外包裹环缩或戴戒术中,缩窄过度大致管腔狭窄而诱发血栓形成。
预防措施:①术中仔细操作:静脉壁缝合或静脉吻合时精细操作;缩窄静脉管腔时应注意不要超过50%。②术后常规抗凝治疗:建议用肝素 50U(50mg)皮下注射,每日2次。抬高患肢,多做患肢主动活动,促进血液回流。
2.手术无效
患者存在手术无效的情况。其原因:一是修复瓣膜不准确致瓣叶未被修复;二是对静脉壁上的瓣膜线观察不清,以致修复时未能准确缝合。预防措施主要是充分显露操作静脉,在做缝合前后,反复检查瓣膜位置,缝合时精细操作。
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(王劲松 李勇辉 杨 涛 郝 斌)