五大对策（二）注意正确的语法格式
技巧点拨
听力中的复合式听写经常涉及语法，考生应注意以下问题：
（1）缩写问题。普遍承认的缩写均可使用，比如pound和dollar就建议使用缩写符号，am，pm，AD，prof，BC等都可以写成缩写的形式，professor可以写成prof.，但是如果后接人名，需要大写成Prof.要注意表示缩写的小点是否标上。日期的表达方式，一般只接受两种，如8th August或August 8th，建议考生不要用其他缩写。
（2）名词的单复数。名词的复数是常见考点。由于录音中的连读、弱读等现象，只靠听音难以辨别名词是单数还是复数，考生需根据已具备的语法知识来加以推断，得出正确的结论。
例：You would also use formal English in compositions and____that you write in school.
分析：答案是essays，为复数形式，但因为同后面的that连读，很难听清是单数还是复数；根据其前面的compositions and...这一并列结构，考生很容易推断出这里需要的可数名词essay一定为复数形式。
（3）动词的形式。听写部分所要求填写的动词中有很多不是原形。在录音中，很多单词都随着上下文出现连读、重读、弱读等现象，很难判定，但涉及语法的填空不必完全依赖听音，应充分利用语法知识，从语段层面上理解句子的内容，注意空格前后的词汇和语句信息，这样许多听不清的词会从上下文中得到提示。
例：Around 120 years ago，Ebbinghaus began his study of memory.He____on studying how quickly the human mind can remember...
分析：空格的答案应为concentrated，完全可以根据上文的时间状语Around 120years ago来确定时态。
关于动词的形式除了要注意时态外，也要注意语态不同带来的改变。如：...no one is permitted to take books...The Library of Congress was established in 1800...They were all destroyed that year when the Capitol was burned down...都是被动语态，听和写时要有意识地根据上下文填写。
（4）固定搭配。固定搭配的考查在复合式听写中随处可见。熟悉各种固定搭配，在单词填空时可以助考生一臂之力，在句子听写时可以帮考生迅速勾勒出句子的大体框架结构。
例：...the amount you learn____on the time you spend trying to learn it.
分析：空格考查固定搭配depend on。
典型真题
No.4(https://www.daowen.com)
【名师点评】
1.rapidly growing population。根据句子成分分析，a后面应接名词。注意growing为动名词，做形容词用，应用副词rapidly修饰。
2.increase by 70%。题干中的have to后接动词原形，increase后面常接by。
【听力原文】
The world’s different sorts of natural resources are struggling to support a rapidly growing population and it may result in a long term crisis.With no increase in arable land，
and already taxed supply of freshwater and fears of ongoing drought，figuring out how to feed 7 billion is a top priority for governments.To feed 2 billion more mouths predicted by2050，food production will have to increase by 70%，the UN Food and Agriculture Organization says.
实战演练
No.5
With no difference between his products and the products of his competitors，he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price.However，in thinking over the price，he must take the cost of production into consideration and no business person can afford to lose money for a prolonged period.He must be constantly aware of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete 1 and earn a profit.Many people have the 2 that as production increases，costs per unit decrease.
【名师点评】
1.successfully。分析句子结构可知，从句中不缺少主干成分，所填词应为副词，修饰动词compete。successfully，副词，意为“顺利地、成功地”。
2.impression。根据空格前的定冠词the提示，可知所填词应为名词。impression，名词单数，意为“印象”。
【听力原文】
With no difference between his products and the products of his competitors，he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price.However，in thinking over the price，he must take the cost of production into consideration and no business person can afford to lose money for a prolonged period.He must be constantly aware of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases，costs per unit decrease.