五大对策（三）单词拼写的误区
技巧点拨
单词拼写是基本功，而复合式听写常考一些长词、难词，对考生的英语基本功提出了较高的要求。考生经常犯的单词拼写的错误有：
（1）长词拼写错误：proportion，accustomed，equipment，exceed，guarantee。
（2）生僻词拼写错误：ingredients。
（3）元音拼写错误：把efficiently写成efficently，把individuals写成individuls，把proportion写成propotion，把accustomed写成accostumed。考生应注意形近词的拼写。
（4）各音节间的辅音字母双写拼写错误：success，process，necessary，recommend。
（5）不发音的字母拼写错误：island，exhausted，isle，comb。
（6）很多考生听到某个单词感觉很熟悉，但是往往要反应很长时间才能对上号，这就说明对单词不够熟悉，或者说敏感程度不够，需要平时有意识地训练单词发音，把音形义紧密地结合起来。
（7）有的考生听力基础不错，一听到单词马上就能反应出是什么意思，但是由于记忆偏差或者粗心常常出现拼写错误。
（8）大小写问题。考生需要注意几条首字母大写规则：特殊名词一般要求大写，比如时间（Sunday）、地点（Church Road）、人名（Peter）、职位（Professor）；句首要大写。考生做题时对这一点要稍加留意，以免造成不必要的失分。
（9）词尾的变形错误：
名词：单复数，所有格。
形容词注意比较级以及以al结尾的形容词：natural，personal，additional。
副词结尾的ly：wholly，completely，emotionally。
典型真题
No.6
Inadequate rest means a weaker 1 system，laying the body open to a whole 2 of illnesses.（北京大学2006年）
【名师点评】1.immune。注意单词中的辅音字母m为双写。
2.range。注意单词的拼写。
【听力原文】
Inadequate rest means a weaker immune system，laying the body open to a whole range of illnesses.On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a quarter hours.Six hours of uninterrupted sleep is better than ten hours of tossing and turning，however.People who sleep less than six hours a night are destined for an early death.
No.7
People who get 1 sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of 2 on the road.They are more likely to fall asleep at the 3 and kill people or get killed.（北京大学2006年）
【名师点评】1.insufficient。注意元音拼写，不要把insufficient写成insufficent。
2.accidents。注意音节间的辅音字母c为双写。
3.wheel。注意单词中的辅音字母e为双写。
【听力原文】
Between sleep deprivation and fatal accidents there is an obvious correlation.People who get insufficient sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of accidents on the road.They are more likely to fall asleep at the wheel and kill people or get killed.Professional drivers and shift workers are most likely to take the risk.The performance at work also deteriorates because of sleep deprivation.
实战演练
No.8
Abel Xavier，Middlesbrough’s Portuguese defender，has failed a drugs test and been suspended from all football by FIFA，football’s world governing body.Xavier’s urinesample after Boro’s UEFA Cup tie in Xanthi，Greece，was found to be positive.Xavier is protesting his____to the club.Xavier is believed to have been taking a supplement to treat a virus.
【名师点评】innocence。此题考查听特定信息的能力。解题的关键点在于分析已知信息得知，所填词为名词，且innocence“无辜的，清白的”，要注意长词拼写问题。(https://www.daowen.com)
【听力原文】
Abel Xavier，Middlesbrough’s Portuguese defender，has failed a drugs test and been suspended from all football by FIFA，football’s world governing body.Xavier’s urine sample after Boro’s UEFA Cup tie in Xanthi，Greece，was found to be positive.Xavier is protesting his innocence to the club.Xavier is believed to have been taking a supplement to treat a virus.
No.9
For the time being Middlesbrough are standing by Xavier，though they are making no public statements，but a further test will now follow on Xavier’s sample and，if that is found to be positive，then the defender，who turns 33 next month，may be banned for a____period that his career is effectively over.
【名师点评】sufficient。此题考查听特定形容词的能力，此题关键在于单词的拼写，不要把sufficient拼写为sufficent。be banned for a sufficient period意为“被禁止参赛很长时间”。
【听力原文】
For the time being Middlesbrough are standing by Xavier，though they are making no public statements，but a further test will now follow on Xavier’s sample and，if that is found to be positive，then the defender，who turns 33 next month，may be banned for a sufficient period that his career is effectively over.
五大对策（四）记录大意
技巧点拨
短文听写要求学生在了解所听文章概貌的基础上，在空中填入确切的单词或用所听到的内容总结的观点填空。这比听力选择题更强调了语言的综合运用能力，是一种综合性的语言技能，包括听、写、单词量、语法结构、篇章理解、记忆力等各方面的能力。因此，掌握复合式听写中单词或长句的记录技巧就显得尤为重要，具体说来就是要学会边听边记，边总结边记。
1）利用缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的词相结合来记录句子。边听边记并不是听到什么就写什么，而是利用缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的词相结合，来记录和存储信息，再利用这些简易的信息来帮助回忆和整理句子。这些缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的词，只要考生本人明白即可。例如用vs.代表versus，eg.代表for example，for instance，sth.代表something；用第一个大写字母代表国家（French写成F，China写成C）；用阿拉伯数字代表星期、年、月、日等。这些符号、缩写不一定规范，所表达的内容不一定完整，只要能起到提示的作用，考生自己能够看懂就行。边听边记的过程中要注意两点：速度要快；表义要清楚明确。
2）有选择地记下关键词，提高记录效率。
（1）用代词替换拼写复杂的名词，尤其是人称、地点、专有名词等。记录过程中一些拼写复杂的人称名词、地点、专有名词等，可以用代词来取代。例如Christopher可以写成he，Elizabeth写成she，而Alexandra and Marian则可以用they表示。
（2）用拼写相对简单的同义词代替拼写复杂的单词及词组。复杂的单词及词组拼写起来不仅耗费时间，而且容易拼错，例如把environment写成enviroment，把opportunity写成oportunity。在考试中考生可以用拼写相对简单的同义词代替拼写复杂的单词及词组，比如immediately可以转化为at once，opportunity可以用chance取代；用admit代替acknowledge。同 样，用focus on代 替concentrate on，用make use of代 替take advantage of等。
（3）根据上下文语义判断答案。英语中的段落会分为几个不同的意群，每个意群可独立表达特定的意思。因此在听音前快速浏览短文时，就可以结合该题目所在的语境进行合理的判断。例如，All languages have two general levels of usage：A formal level and an informal level.English is no exception.根据对上一句的理解可以判断，该句讲的是所有语言都有两个大体的功用：正式和非正式的，英语也是。很显然，这里可以轻易得出答案为“没有例外”，再结合对短语with no exception的理解，答案就更可以确定无疑。
典型真题
No.10
1.The total market has____from 280 million liters to 440 million liters.
2.The actual sector share of the four main milk products has____.（北京大学2007年）
【名师点评】
1.grown substantially。has后应填入动词的过去分词，动词应用副词修饰。听写时substantially可以简写为subs。
2.changed radically。has后应填入动词的过去分词，动词应用副词修饰。听写时radically可以简写为radi。
【听力原文】
I’m not going to talk for long—just long enough to give you an overview of developments so that we can discuss the implications.So，let’s start by looking at trends over the last ten years.On this first transparency you’ll see two outstanding features firstly，the total market has grown substantially from 280 million liters to 440 million liters；secondly，the actual sector share of the four main milk products has changed radically；the full milk sector has fallen dramatically from 74%to just 42%，—here on the chart—the skimmed milk sector has rocketed from only 12%to 35%，reflecting the weight of publicity toward low fat diets.
实战演练
No.11
Some of them include feelings of apprehension or dread，trouble concentrating，irritability，restlessness，and feeling like your mind’s gone blank.Anyway，both common sense and a look at the internal process of the person should reveal the truth that 1 ；rather，as some experts address，it expresses itself as a poverty in the quality of life.It can be observed in many social situations. 2
【名师点评】
1.shyness does not influence your realization significantly。记录时原文中的compromise用influence替换；in a significant way可以用副词significantly替换。
2.When you find it difficult to report to authority or have fun in public，the shyness is around you.记录时原文中的in an authority position记录为authority，in entertaining in public替换为简单的拼写have fun in public。
【听力原文】
Some of them include feelings of apprehension or dread，trouble concentrating，irritability，restlessness，and feeling like your mind’s gone blank.Anyway，both common sense and a look at the internal process of the person should reveal the truth that shyness does not compromise，in a significant way，the personal realization；rather，as some experts address，it expresses itself as a poverty in the quality of life.It can be observed in many social situations.When you find the difficulty in reporting to someone in an authority position，or in entertaining in public，you know it is with you.