五大对策(一)熟悉音变现象
技巧点拨
音变在许多语言中普遍存在,说话的过程是连续发出声音的过程,在连续的发音过程中,口型、舌位以及气流要由一个音的口型模式转换成另一个音的口型模式。要使这种转换自然流畅,有些词就不能完全按照单独发音时的口型模式去发音,由此形成了音变现象。英语的音变规律有以下几个方面:
1.连读现象。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。连读有助于完整意义的表达,并使整句话具有强烈的黏着感,体现句子的整体性,充分体现美语语言的自然流畅。
在同一个意群中,相邻的两个词,前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,往往要拼在一起连读。如:He is a student.(is与a要连读)
在同一个意群中的两个单词,如果前面的单词以r或re结尾,后面的单词以元音音素开头,则r或re要发[r]音,并与其后的元音音素拼读。如:They’re my father~and mother.
元音与元音的连读。当两个元音相邻时,若要发得自然、连贯,便需要在两元音之间加上滑音[j]、[w]或[r]。如:Stay up late.
辅音与辅音的连读。这种连音的表现形式多种多样,而对考生听力理解造成较大障碍的是:不完全爆破发音、舌侧爆破音和鼻腔爆破音等。
2.同化现象。相邻两个单词的读音常常相互影响而被第三个与其单独发音时不同的音所取代,这种现象就称为同化现象。它是为了追求发音的顺口。
3.弱读。弱读也是听力中最基本、最普遍的现象之一。通常句子中除了有重要意义的词带有句重音之外,其他词往往弱读,如助动词、连接词、前置词、人称代词等。
4.重音。句子重音往往是讲话者表达意思的一种语音手段,因此也是听话者理解话语的重要依据。如:Son Mum,I’ve got a B in my math exam.Mum So you have passed.
have作为助动词本不应重读,但这里却带有句重音,言外之意是 我原来以为你不会及格。
5.语调。同一个句子,语调不同含义就会出现差异,必须引起考生的重视。
例如:
A burglar broke into his house last night.(↘降调表示肯定)
A burglar broke into his house last night.(↗升调表示怀疑)
要提高听力理解水平,克服英语音变障碍,考生应做到以下几点:
(1)学会科学的发音方法。掌握正确的发音,了解每一个音素的异同。如掌握了发音的部位和方式,声带的活动就能很好地发出辅音 /m/是双唇紧闭,气流通过鼻腔,引起声带震荡的双唇浊鼻音。最小对是语音辨析时最有效也最常用的方法。最小对即只有一个音素不同的两个单词,如read-red,fan-fine。
(2)掌握发音规律。考生掌握一些英语语音方面的规律。如:句子中的词与词怎样连读,哪些词需要弱读,怎样掌握好弱读,同化与省音发生在句子中的什么地方等。
(3)练习大声朗读,提高听力水平。口语练习就是多朗读、多说。在朗读、说的时候,注意连读、同化、省音、掌握好句子的节奏、轻重读。要不断地、随时地纠正在语音方面的错误。把音变与听力结合起来,提高听力水平。(https://www.daowen.com)
典型真题
No.1
There are no____on Australian or British stamps.(清华大学2002年)
【名师点评】living people。根据句中的成分判定no后面应该是名词或名词短语,原文中的on Australian or British stamps在题干中重现,故原文no后面的living people即为答案。
【听力原文】
...With the notable exception of members of the British Royal Family,no living people ever appear on Australian or British stamps.This policy is under review,but many stamp enthusiasts see a good reason for keeping it that way to avoid the possibility of people inpower using their influence to get onto the stamps.
No.2
Some advantages of____make us realize that freedom has long been absent from our lives with a phone.(浙江大学2013年)
【名师点评】a phone-free lifestyle。注意advantage的发音为[əd′væntɪdʒ],make us realize that freedom has long been absent from our lives with a phone与原文重复,因此,of后的a phone-free lifestyle即为答案。
【听力原文】
The idea of not having a phone at all could be beneficial sounds crazy to people who are addicted to the global Internet or even just Facebook.Indeed,it sounds like a pain.But some advantages of a phone-free lifestyle make us realize that freedom has long been absent from our lives with a phone.According to The Wall Street Journal’s Anton Troianovski,people expect less of you when you don’t have a cell phone.
实战演练
No.3
The judgment that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health is the result of more than30 years of research carded on by hundreds of scientists in this country and abroad.The conclusion that cigarette smoking is a 1 health hazard is supported by every medical and health 2 in the world which is known to have expressed an opinion on the matter.
【名师点评】
1.significant。空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的名词短语health hazard提示所填词应为形容词。significant为形容词,意为“重大的”。
2.agency。空格前的medical和health提示所填词应为名词,再根据前面的every可知所填词应为单数可数名词。agency为名词,意为“机构”。
【听力原文】
The judgment that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health is the result of more than30 years of research carded on by hundreds of scientists in this country and abroad.The conclusion that cigarette smoking is a significant health hazard is supported by every medical and health agency in the world which is known to have expressed an opinion on the matter.