促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤
促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤(DSRCT)是一种好发于青少年(15~30岁)腹腔和盆腔内的高度且非常少见的恶性小圆细胞肿瘤,男女发病率比为5∶1[1]。DSRCT细胞遗传学上具有特异性的t(11;22)(p13;q12)变异,并产生EWS-WT1 融合性基因[2,3]。
DSRCT侵袭性高,病程进展迅速,早期容易发生种植性播散,以及血道和淋巴道转移,主要转移至肝、肺和淋巴结,常累及腹膜,形成多发转移性病灶。影像学特征性地表现为腹腔多发、巨大、高密度肿块。化疗效果好且能够成功进行减瘤手术的患者,预后较好[2]。
与尤因肉瘤相似的是,DSRCT也是一种对化疗较为敏感的软组织肉瘤,但同时又容易快速进展。新辅助化疗及手术是DSRCT治疗的标准模式,但显然不足以改善其生存率。通常一线治疗采用尤因肉瘤的多药联合方案,如VAC、IE、VIDE[4-6],二线可以选择参加临床试验,或者应用环磷酰胺联合拓扑替康方案,替莫唑胺联合伊立替康或大剂量异环磷酰胺化疗方案[7]。
少数DSCRT患者对舒尼替尼、索拉非尼、培唑帕尼或安罗替尼[8]治疗有效。其他生物疗法,如哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)抑制剂西罗莫司、替西罗莫司和依维莫司等,以及抗神经节苷脂gd2抗体、伊马替尼和胰岛素样组合生长因子受体1(IGFR-1)抑制剂等,有效率均不高[9- 11]。
(罗志国)
参考文献
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