2.1.5 Felicity Conditions
In analyzing speech acts,felicity conditions shouldn't escape our attention.These necessary conditions to be satisfied,according to Austin,will obtain as follows:
①There must be an accepted conventional procedure having a certain conventional effect,that procedure to include the uttering of certain words by certain persons in certain circumstances,and further.
②The particular persons and circumstances in a given case must be appropriate for the invocation of the particular procedure invoked.
③The procedure must be executed by all participants both correctly and......
④Completely.
⑤Where,as often,the procedure is designed for use by persons having certain thoughts or feelings,or for the inauguration of certain consequential conduct on the part of any participant,then a person participating in and so invoking the procedure must in fact have those thoughts or feelings,and the participants must intend so to conduct themselves,and further
⑥must actually so conduct themselves subsequently.
In brief,the speaker must satisfy three main conditions,that is A.the speaker must observe a certain convention and the speaker should be qualified for performing a certain speech act;B.the speaker must harbor sincerity for speech acts proclaimed to carry out.If the speaker has no sincere feelings by saying,“I promise”,then the promise will be invalid;C.the speaker shouldn't go back on his words.
Searle,on the basis ofAustin's idea,also developed his felicity conditions,of which the four important ones are the illocutionary point,the direction of fit between words and the world,the psychological state expressed and the propositional content.
⑦The illocutionary Point or Essential Condition:Illocutionary point means the point or purpose of an illocution.For example,the point or purpose of an order can be specified by saying that it is an attempt to get the hearer to do something.The point or purpose of a description is that it is a representation of how something is.The point or purpose of a promise is that it is an understanding of an obligation by the speaker to do something.
⑧The Direction of Fit between Words and the World or a Preparatory Condition:Some have as part of their illocutionary point to get the words to match the world,e.g.assertations;others to get the world to match the words,e.g.promises and requests.
⑨The Psychological State expressed or Sincerity Condition.
⑩The Propositional Content.Searle emphasizes the differences that are determined by illocutionary force indicating devices which include word order,stress,intonation contour,punctuation,the mood of the verb and the most important,the explicit performative verb if there is one.“The differences,for example,between a report and a prediction involve the fact that a prediction must be about the future whereas a report can be about the past or present.”(Searle,2001d,pp.2—4)