Ⅰ.Major Producing Areas of Pu’er Tea
Pu’er tea is a unique national geographical indication product in Yunnan, mainly produced in the administrative areas governed by 639 townships (towns and sub-district offices)under the jurisdiction of 75 counties (cities and districts)in 11 prefectures (cities)of Yunnan, such as Pu’er City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Lincang City, Kunming City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Baoshan City, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yuxi City, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, etc.According to geological location, Pu’er tea areas are distributed in west Yunnan (Lincang City, Baoshan City and Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture), central Yunnan (Kunming City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Yuxi City)and south Yunnan (Pu’er City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture).These areas have south subtropical humid climate and north tropical climate, with abundant sunshine, warm climate all year round and rich precipitation.Alpine rivers are widely distributed in the territory, and laterite and latosolic red soil are dominant, with high organic matter content, which creates unique natural conditions for tea production.The three major producing areas of Pu’er tea are Lincang in west Yunnan and Xishuangbanna and Pu’er in south Yunnan.
（一）临沧茶区
临沧是我国最大的普洱茶原料基地。临沧市地处澜沧江、怒江两大水系中下游之间，与普洱市景东、镇沅、景谷、澜沧等县接壤，辖临翔、凤庆、云县、双江、镇康、耿马、沧源、永德一区七县。临沧茶园大多分布在海拔1500～2000米之间，年平均气温17.5℃，年平均相对湿度70%～82%，年降雨量1400毫米，北回归线从境内穿过，全区气候温和，光照充足，低纬度、高海拔，水资源丰富，土壤为红壤，pH值偏酸，最适宜茶树生长。目前临沧茶园总面积130万亩。其中，野生古茶树群落40万亩，栽培型古茶园65万亩（百年以上古茶园9万多亩），无性系高优生态茶园25万亩，有机茶园3.5万亩，茶叶总产量3.5万吨。临沧地区发现有大量的野生古茶树群落分布，其中，在双江县勐库大雪山发现的野生古茶树群落，规模连片面积达1.2万多亩，有8万多株野生茶树，是迄今为止发现的世界上面积最大、树龄最长、海拔最高的原生古茶树林。
（二）西双版纳茶区
西双版纳位于云南省南部边陲，地处北回归线以南热带北部边缘区。西双版纳州的景洪市、勐海县和勐腊县均为普洱茶主产区，该区茶园主要分布在海拔800～1800米处，年平均温度18～22℃，年平均湿度80%～82%，年平均降雨量1200～1400毫米，只有雨季和旱季之分。被称作“没有冬天的乐土”。土壤以赤红壤、砖红壤为主，土层深厚，自然肥力高。该地区有丰富的自然植被，以橡胶林和阔叶林为主，植被覆盖率50%以上，具有适宜茶树生长的自然条件，茶树种质资源非常丰富。
西双版纳州是国际茶界公认的世界茶树原产地中心地带和名贯中外的普洱茶发祥地，是著名的茶马古道源头，有上千年的植茶、制茶、贸茶、饮茶的悠久历史，是研究茶叶历史的珍贵资源。还有着丰富的茶山资源，著名的古六大茶山（易武、倚邦、蛮砖、莽枝、革登、攸乐），历史悠久的布朗山、南糯山、贺开、巴达、勐宋、帕沙、纳卡，以及炙手可热的老班章等均在西双版纳境内。目前整个西双版纳现有古茶园8.2万亩，分布于两县一市19个乡镇100多个村寨之中。
(Ⅰ)Lincang Tea Production Area
Lincang is the largest raw material base of Pu’er tea in China.Lincang is located between the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River and the Nujiang River, bordering Jingdong,Zhenyuan, Jinggu and Lancang counties of Pu’er City, and has jurisdiction over one district and seven counties of Linxiang, Fengqing, Yunxian, Shuangjiang, Zhenkang, Gengma, Cangyuan and Yongde, with an average annual temperature of 17.5℃, an average annual relative humidity of 70%～82%, and an annual rainfall of 1400 mm.Tropic of Cancer passes through this area, so the whole area has mild climate, abundant sunshine, low latitude and high altitude, rich water resources, red soil with acidic pH value, which is most suitable for the growth of tea trees.
Most tea gardens of Lincang are distributed between 1500 and 2000 m above sea level,with a total area of 1.3 million mu at present.There are 400,000 mu of wild tea trees, 650,000 mu of cultivated ancient tea gardens (more than 90,000 mu of ancient tea gardens over a hundred years old), 250,000 mu of clonal high-quality ecological tea gardens and 35,000 mu of organic tea gardens, with a total tea output of 35,000 tons.At present, a large number of wild ancient tea tree communities have been found in Lincang area, among which, the wild ancient tea tree community found in Mengku Snow Mountain, Shuangjiang County, with a contiguous area of more than 12,000 mu and more than 80,000 wild tea trees, has a history of more than 2,500 years, and is the largest, oldest and highest-altitude native ancient tea forest found in the world so far.
(Ⅱ)Xishuangbanna Tea Production Area
Xishuangbanna is located in the southern border of Yunnan Province, in the tropical northern marginal area south of Tropic of Cancer.It has an average annual temperature of 18-22℃, an average annual humidity of 80%-82%, and an average annual rainfall of 1200～1400 mm and has only rainy season and dry season.Therefore, it is called the“paradise without winter”.Jinghong City, Menghai County and Mengla County in Xishuangbanna are the main producing areas of Pu’er tea, with a total area of 19,700 m2, of which Jinghong City has 7,133 m2, Mengla County has 7,056 m2 and Menghai County has 5,511 m2.The mountainous area of Menghai County accounts for 93.45%, and the dam area accounts for 6.55%.Tea gardens in this area are mainly distributed at 800～1800 m above sea level, with an annual relative humidity of more than 82%.Latosolic red soil and laterite are dominant,with deep soil layer and high natural fertility.This area is rich in natural vegetation, mainly including rubber forest and broad-leaved forest, with a vegetation coverage rate of more than 50%.It has natural conditions suitable for the growth of tea trees, and the germplasm resources of tea trees are abundant.
图2-21 云南古六大茶山分布图
（三）普洱茶产区
原名思茅茶产区，2007年思茅市改名为普洱市。普洱茶区是六大产区中面积最大的产区，位于云南省西南部，具有天然的山脉作为气候屏障。普洱市地处云南省西南，与西双版纳相邻，处于北回归线上，是生产普洱茶的主要茶区。普洱茶区海拔一般是1200～1800米，茶园面积16173亩，整个地形西北高、东南低，属亚热带山地季风气候，干湿季节分明，年平均气温18℃，相对湿度80%，年降雨量1800毫米，古茶园土壤属于赤红壤，pH值4～6，茶树一年四季都能生长，且品质四季相差不大，是茶树生长最适宜地区，同时茶园多分布在山区、半山区，远离污染源，受地理条件、经济发展水平和种植习惯的影响，为无公害茶、有机茶的开发提供了很好的基础条件。
普洱茶产区居住着汉族和傣、佤、哈尼、拉祜、布朗、彝、苗、瑶等10多个少数民族。著名的千家寨古茶树及享誉全球的景迈、困鹿山等栽培型古茶园，以及境内超过135万亩的野生、过渡、栽培型茶树和古茶园分布于该地区。
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is recognized by the international tea industry as the origin center of tea trees in the world and the birthplace of Pu’er tea well known at home and abroad.It is the source of the famous Ancient Tea-horse Road, with a long history of planting, making, trading and drinking tea for thousands of years.It is also the precious resource for studying the history of tea.In Xishuangbanna, there are rich tea mountain resources, such as the six famous ancient tea mountains(Yiwu, Yibang, Manzhuan, Mangzhi, Gedeng and Youle), and the long-standing Bulang Mountain,Nannuo Mountain, Hekai, Bada, Mengsong, Pasha and Naka, as well as the popular Laobanzhang.
Fig.2-21 Distribution map of six ancient tea mountains in Yunnan
(Ⅲ)Pu’er Tea Production Area
It was originally known as Simao Tea Area, but Simao City was renamed Pu’er City in 2007.Pu’er tea area is the largest of the six major producing areas, located in the southwest of Yunnan,with natural mountains as a climate barrier.Pu’er City is located in the southwest of Yunnan,adjacent to Xishuangbanna, on the Tropic of Cancer, and is the main producing area of Pu’er tea.Pu’er tea area is generally 1,200-1,800 m above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 17.8°C, an annual effective accumulated temperature of 4,500-7,500 and an annual rainfall of 1,000-2,000 mm.It has hot rainy season, with good light conditions.Latosolic red soil is distributed everywhere, with a pH value of 4-6.Tea trees can grow all year round, with similar quality in four seasons.Therefore, it is the most suitable area for tea trees to grow.At the same time, tea gardens are mostly distributed in mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas, far away from pollution sources.Influenced by geographical conditions, economic development level and planting habits,it provides good basic conditions for the development of pollution-free tea and organic tea.
Pu’er tea area is inhabited by Han and more than a dozen minorities such as Dai, Wa, Hani, Lahu,Bulang, Yi, Miao, Yao, etc.The famous Qianjiazhai ancient tea tree, the world-renowned Jingmai,Kunlushan and other cultivated ancient tea gardens, as well as more than 1.35 million mu of wild,transitional and cultivated tea trees and ancient tea gardens in China are all distributed in this area.
（四）其他茶区
大理白族自治州地处云南省中部偏西，海拔2090米，东邻楚雄州，南靠普洱市、临沧市，西与保山市、怒江州相连，北接丽江市。大理州目前茶园总面积21余万亩，地处低纬高原，四季温差小，干湿季分明，垂直差异显著，年均气温15～16℃，年降雨量1000～1300毫米，黄色沙质壤土，pH4.5～6.0，非常有利于茶树的生长。大理与临沧和普洱南北相望，受到地理位置的影响，其最南部是茶叶的集中生产区。大理茶区是普洱茶产区中产量偏低的区域，在紧压茶的加工方面占据最重要的位置，最南端的南涧县等地有茶叶生产，南涧县茶区与思茅市景东县、临沧市云县、凤庆县接壤，历史上属于一片古茶区。南涧目前有茶园7万余亩，是云南重要的紧压茶加工地，下关茶厂长期承担边销茶加工及沱茶出口。大理州云龙县也是云南著名的茶区。
保山市辖保山、腾冲、龙陵、施甸、昌宁五市县，与著名的怒江、澜沧江均有交汇，在所有滇西南茶区中，位于最北部，而且海拔高，位于怒山和高黎贡山南。全市规模连片茶园25.5万亩，地势北高南低，年均温在14～20℃之间，年降雨量700～2000毫米，是四个普洱茶产区中纬度最高、平均海拔最高、气温最低、雨量最少的产区。保山境内自然条件优越，适宜茶树生长，茶树品种资源丰富，是滇红及普洱茶的重要产地。保山人种茶饮茶历史已有数千年，17个世居民族在种茶、饮茶的过程中逐渐形成的以茶为载体的永昌茶文化独树一帜。保山市现存古茶园1.03万公顷，古茶树50多万株，100多个居群。主要分布在高黎贡山、尼诺山、天堂山、阿干、黄家寨、芭蕉林、大亮山、雪山、清凉山9座古茶山。这些古茶树群落属原生自然植被，且保存完好，自然更新力强，生物多样性极为丰富，具有极为重要的科学和保存价值，是珍贵的自然遗产。