孤立性纤维瘤

更新于 2026年10月22日 版权声明
孤立性纤维瘤

孤立性纤维性肿瘤/血管外皮细胞瘤(SFT/HPC)是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤,起源于纤维母细胞,很少发生去分化,有15%~20%的病例会复发或转移。SFT可以发生于身体的任何部位,最常见的是胸腔,胸腔内以胸膜为主,其次为肺实质、纵隔和横膈膜,纵隔腔SFT多见于前纵隔腔。腹腔也是SFT的好发部位,仅次于胸腔,主要见于腹膜、腹膜后和盆腔。躯干、四肢、头部和颈部以及颅内也有发病的报道,但是相对较为少见。

当SFT长到一定大小时,会在发生部位产生相应的占位效应而出现临床症状。有一些患者会出现副肿瘤综合征,最常见的是非胰岛细胞性低血糖,这归结于肿瘤细胞产生高分子量胰岛素样生长因子(IGF),特别是IGF-Ⅱ[1],出现该症状属于独立预后不良指标。

SFT最常见的免疫标记是表达CD34[2],STAT6-NAB2被认为是SFT特异的分子标记物[3,4],但是该融合基因表达与患者的预后无关[5]。端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)启动子突变在SFT中占28%,与高危病理特征和预后相关[6- 8]。

SFT起病隐匿、症状不典型、进展缓慢,手术治疗是最主要的治疗方法,R0切除的患者不建议术后常规辅助放疗。对于R1切除及转移病灶切除后,辅助放疗可减少局部复发[9]。内科治疗仅推荐用于手术后多次复发或有远处转移的患者,化疗药物仍推荐蒽环类为主的方案[10],有小样本报告蒽环类药物与替莫唑胺、贝伐珠单抗联合方案能够使患者获益[11],靶向药物可以试用舒尼替尼等多靶点的小分子靶向药物[12]。

(胡海燕)

参考文献

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[6]Vogels R,Macagno N,Griewank K,et al.French CNSSFT/HPC Consortium;Dutch CNSSFT/HPCConsortium,Figarella-Branger D,Wesseling P,etal.Prognostic significanceof NAB2-STAT6 fusion variantsand TERT promotormutations in solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomasof the CNS:not(yet) clear[J].Acta Neuropathol,2019,137(4):679-682.

[7]Demicco EG,WaniK,Ingram D,etal.TERT promotermutations in solitary f-i brous tumour[J].Histopathology,2018,73(5):843-851.

[8]BahramiA,Lee S,Schaefer IM,etal.TERT promotermutationsand prognosis in solitary fibrous tumor[J].Mod Pathol,2016,29(12):1511-1522.

[9]Agaimy A.Paraneoplastic disordersassociated withmiscellaneousneoplasmswith focuson selected soft tissue and Undifferentiated/rhabdoidmalignancies[J].Semin Diagn Pathol,2019,Feb 20.pii:S0740-2570(19)30011-5.

[10]HaasRL,Walraven I,Lecointe-Artzner E,etal.Radiation therapy assolemanagement for solitary fibrous tumors(SFT):a retrospective study from the global SFT initiative in collaborationwith the Sarcoma Patients EuroNet[J].Int JRadiat Oncol Biol Phys,2018,101(5):1226-1233.

[11]StacchiottiS,LibertiniM,Negri T,etal.Response to chemotherapy of solitary fibrous tumour:a retrospective study[J].Eur JCancer,2013,49(10):2376-2383.

[12]Stacchiotti S,Negri T,Libertini M,et al.Sunitinib malate in solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)[J].Ann Oncol,2012,23(12):3171-3179.

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