THE HEAD 头 部
1.颅（前面观）
The skull（anterior view）
1.额骨Frontal bone
2.顶骨Parietal bone
3.颞骨Temporal bone
4.眶上裂Sup.orbital fissure
5.视神经管Optic canal
6.眶下裂Inf.orbital fissure
7.颧骨Zygomatic bone
8.下鼻甲Inf.nasal concha
9.梨状孔Piriform aperture
10.下颌骨Mandible
11.颏隆凸Mental protuberance
12.眶上孔（切迹）Supraorbital foramen（notch）
13.眉间Glabella
14.鼻骨Nasal bone
15.泪囊窝Fossa for lacrimal sac
16.眶下孔Infraorbital foramen
17.骨鼻中隔Bony septum of nose
18.上颌骨Maxilla
19.下颌角Angle of mandible
20.颏孔Mental foramen
2.颅（侧面观）
The skull（lateral view）
1.顶骨Parietal bone
2.上颞线Sup.temporal line
3.下颞线Inf.temporal line
4.顶颞缝Temporoparietal suture
5.人字缝Lambdoid suture
6.颧弓Zygomatic arch
7.外耳门Ext.acoustic pore
8.枕外隆凸Ext.occipital protuberance
9.枕骨Occipital bone
10.茎突Styloid process
11.乳突Mastoid process
12.下颌角Angle of mandible
13.冠状缝Coronal suture
14.额骨Frontal bone
15.翼点Pterion
16.泪骨Lacrimal bone
17.鼻骨Nasal bone
18.泪囊窝Fossa for lacrimal sac
19.蝶骨Sphenoid bone
20.眶下孔Infraorbital foramen
21.颧骨Zygomatic bone
22.上颌骨Maxilla
23.颏孔Mental foramen
24.下颌体Body of mandible
3.颅底（下面观）
Base of the skull（inferior view）
1.切牙孔Incisive foramen
2.上颌骨腭突Palatine process of maxilla
3.腭中缝Median palatine suture
4.腭横缝Transv.palatine suture
5.腭大孔Greater palatine foramen
6.颧弓Zygomatic arch
7.蝶骨Sphenoid bone
8.翼窝Pterygoid fossa
9.卵圆孔Foramen ovale
10.棘孔Foramen spinosum
11.破裂孔Foramen lacerum
12.外耳门Ext.acoustic pore
13.颈静脉窝Jugular fossa
14.枕髁Occipital condyle
15.颞骨Temporal bone
16.枕骨大孔Foramen magnum of occipital bone
17.枕骨Occipital bone
18.下项线Inf.nuchal line
19.上项线Sup.nuchal line
20.枕外隆凸Ext.occipital protuberance
21.腭骨水平板Horizontal plate of palatine bone
22.腭小孔Lesser palatine foramina
23.鼻后孔Post.nasal apertures
24.犁骨Vomer
25.翼突内侧板Med.pterygoid plate
26.翼突外侧板Lat.pterygoid plate
27.关节结节Articular tubercle
28.下颌窝Mandibular fossa
29.茎突Styloid process
30.颈动脉管Carotid canal
31.茎乳孔Stylomastoid foramen
32.乳突Mastoid process
33.咽结节Pharyngeal tubercle
34.枕外嵴Ext.occipital crest
4.颅（上面观）
The skull（superior view）
5.颅（后面观）
The skull（posterior view）
1.颧弓Zygomatic arch
2.冠状缝Coronal suture
3.前囟点Bregma
4.顶骨Parietal bone
5.矢状缝Sagittal suture
6.枕骨Occipital bone
7.鼻骨Nasal bone
8.额骨Frontal bone
9.上颞线Sup.temporal line
10.下颞线Inf.temporal line
11.人字缝Lambdoid suture
12.顶孔Parietal foramen
13.上项线Sup.nuchal line
14.乳突Mastoid process
15.枕外隆凸Ext.occipital protuberance
6.颅底（内面观）
Base of the skull（internal view）
1.额嵴Frontal crest
2.蝶骨小翼Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
3.交叉前沟Sulcus prechiasmaticus
4.鞍结节Tuberculum sellae
5.圆孔Foramen rotundum
6.颈动脉沟Carotid sulcus
7.卵圆孔Foramen ovale
8.破裂孔Foramen lacerum
9.棘孔Foramen spinosum
10.内耳门Int.acoustic pore
11.岩上窦沟Sulcus for sup.petrosal sinus
12.颈静脉孔Jugular foramen
13.舌下神经管Hypoglossal canal
14.枕骨大孔Foramen magnum of occipital bone
15.枕内隆凸Int.occipital protuberance
16.盲孔Foramen cecum
17.鸡冠Crista galli
18.筛板Cribriform plate
19.视神经管Optic canal
20.前床突Ant.clinoid process
21.垂体窝Hypophysial fossa
22.后床突Post.clinoid process
23.鞍背Dorsum sellae
24.斜坡Clivus
25.岩下窦沟Sulcus for inf.petrosal sinus
26.乙状窦沟Sulcus for sigmoid sinus
27.枕内嵴Int.occipital crest
28.横窦沟Sulcus for transv.sinus
7.颅底、硬脑膜和脑神经
The base of the skull，cerebral dura mater and cranial nerves
1.盲孔Foramen cecum
2.筛板Cribriform plate
3.视神经管Optic canal
4.圆孔Foramen rotundum
5.鞍背Dorsum sellae
6.卵圆孔Foramen ovale
7.棘孔Foramen spinosum
8.破裂孔Foramen lacerum
9.内耳门Int.acoustic pore
10.颈静脉孔Jugular foramen
11.斜坡Clivus
12.枕骨大孔Foramen magnum of occipital bone
13.横窦沟Sulcus for transv.sinus
14.鸡冠Crista galli
15.嗅球Olfactory bulb
16.垂体Hypophysis
17.视神经Optic n.
18.眼动脉Ophthalmic a.
19.动眼神经Oculomotor n.
20.三叉神经节Trigeminal gangl.
21.滑车神经Trochlear n.
22.展神经Abducent n.
23.面神经Facial n.
24.前庭蜗神经Vestibulocochlear n.
25.舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.
26.迷走神经Vagus n.
27.副神经Accessory n.
28.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.
8.硬脑膜、硬脑膜窦和脑神经
Cerebral dura mater，sinuses of dura mater and cranial nerves
1.横窦Transv.sinus
2.上矢状窦Sup.sagittal sinus
3.乙状窦Sigmoid sinus
4.下矢状窦Inf.sagittal sinus
5.岩下窦Inf.petrosal sinus
6.前庭蜗神经Vestibulocochlear n.
7.面神经Facial n.
8.副神经Accessory n.
9.迷走神经Vagus n.
10.舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.
11.三叉神经Trigeminal n.
12.滑车神经Trochlear n.
13.展神经Abducent n.
14.海绵间后窦Post.intercavernous sinuses
15.窦汇Confluence of sinuses
16.直窦Straight sinus
17.小脑幕Tentorium of cerebellum
18.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.
19.岩上窦Sup.petrosal sinus
20.基底丛Basal plexus
21.动眼神经Oculomotor n.
22.眼动脉Ophthalmic a.
23.视神经Optic n.
24.垂体Pituitary gland
25.蝶顶窦Sphenoparietal sinus
26.海绵间前窦Ant.intercavernous sinuses
27.硬膜Dura mater
9.矢状窦、横窦和乙状窦的体表投影
Surface projections of sagittal sinus，transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus
10.乳突、乙状窦和面神经的关系
Relations of the mastoid process and sigmoid sinus to the facial nerves
1.上矢状窦Sup.sagittal sinus
2.横窦Transv.sinus
3.乳突Mastoid process
4.矢状缝Sagittal suture
5.人字缝Lambdoid suture
6.枕外隆凸Ext.occipital protuberance
7.乙状窦Sigmoid sinus
8.颞骨Temporal bone
9.乳突小房Mastoid cells
10.外膜半规管Lat.semicircular duct
11.面神经管Facial canal
12.面神经Facial n.
13.茎突Styloid process
11.脑干和颈髓（后面观）
Brain stem and cervical spinal cord（posterior view）
1.面神经Facial n.
2.前庭蜗（位听）神经Vestibulocochlear n.
3.舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.
4.迷走神经Vagus n.
5.副神经Accessory n.
6.副神经脊神经根Spinal root of accessory n.
7.滑车神经Trochlear n.
8.三叉神经Trigeminal n.
9.环枕关节囊Capsule of atlantooccipital joint
10.头外侧直肌Rectus capitis lateralis m.
11.环椎Atlas
12.椎动脉Vertebral a.
13.硬脊膜Spinal dura mater
14.脊神经背根Dors.root of spinal n.
12.海绵窦（矢状断面）
Cavernous sinus（sagittal section）
13.海绵窦（冠状断面）
Cavernous sinus（coronal section）
14.海绵窦及其周围结构
Cavernous sinus and its surrounding structures
1.漏斗Infundibulum
2.视交叉Optic chiasma
3.垂体Hypophysis
4.蝶窦Sphenoid sinus
5.鞍膈Diaphragma sellae
6.鞍背Dorsum sellae
7.脑桥Pons
8.海绵前、后窦Ant.，post.cavernous sinuses
9.颈内动脉Int.carotid a.
10.海绵窦Cavernous sinus
11.动眼神经Oculomotor n.（Ⅲ）
12.滑车神经Trochlear n.（Ⅳ）
13.展神经Abducent n.（Ⅵ）
14.眼神经Ophthalmic n.（Ⅴ 1）
15.上颌神经Maxillary n.（Ⅴ 2）
16.视神经Optic n.（Ⅱ）
17.基底动脉Basilar a.
15.颅顶的层次
Layers of the top of the skull
16.板障静脉
Diploic veins
1.骨膜Periosteum
2.板障静脉Diploic vv.
3.帽状腱膜Galea aponeurotica
4.导静脉Emissary v.
5.上矢状窦Sup.sagittal sinus
6.蛛网膜下腔Subarachnoid space
7.下矢状窦Inf.sagittal sinus
8.外板Outer plate
9.板障Diploë
10.内板Inner plate
11.蛛网膜Arachnoid mater
12.蛛网膜颗粒Arachnoid granulations
13.硬膜Dura mater
14.软膜Pia mater
15.额板障静脉Frontal diploic v.
16.颞前板障静脉Ant.temporal diploic v.
17.颞后板障静脉Post.temporal diploic v.
18.枕板障静脉Occipital diploic v.
17.头顶的血管和神经
Blood vessels and nerves of the top of the head
18.颞区的层次
Layers of the temporal region
1.滑车上动脉、神经Supratrochlear a.，n.
2.眶上动脉Supraorbital a.
3.眶上神经外侧支Lat.br.of supraorbital n.
4.额神经内侧支Med.br.of frontal n.
5.颞浅动脉额支Frontal br.of superf.temporal a.
6.帽状腱膜Galea aponeurotica
7.枕大神经Greater occipital n.
8.枕动、静脉Occipital a.，v.
9.枕小神经Lesser occipital n.
10.耳大神经Great auricular n.
11.颞浅筋膜Superf.temporal fascia
12.颞深筋膜Deep temporal fascia
13.颞肌Temporalis m.
14.皮肤Skin
15.浅筋膜Superf.fascia
16.颞骨Temporal bone
17.颞浅动、静脉Superf.temporal a.，v.
18.颧弓Zygomatic arch
19.冠突Coronoid process
20.咬肌Masseter m.
19.脑膜中动脉的体表投影
Surface projection of the middle meningeal artery
20.脑膜中动脉的分布区域
Distributional area of the middle meningeal artery
1.示指Index finger
2.脑膜中动脉顶支Parietal br.of middle meningeal a.
3.颧弓Zygomatic arch
4.脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.
5.脑膜中动脉额支Frontal br.of middle meningeal a.
6.翼点Pterion
7.拇指Thumb
8.中指Middle finger
9.硬脑膜Cerebral dura mater
10.颞骨Temporal bone
21.眉毛、眉弓和额叶的关系
Relations among supercilia，superciliary arch and frontal lobe
22.面动脉、腮腺、腮腺管和颞浅动脉的体表投影
Surface projections of the facial artery，parotid gland，parotid duct and superficial temporal artery
1.大脑额叶Frontal lobe of brain
2.额叶下缘Lower margin of frontal lobe of brain
3.颞浅动脉额支Frontal br.of superf.temporal a.
4.腮腺管Parotid duct
5.口角Corner of mouth
6.面动脉Facial a.
7.颞浅动脉顶支Parietal br.of superf.temporal a.
8.颞浅动脉Superf.temporal a.
9.耳屏Tragus
10.腮腺Parotid gland(https://www.daowen.com)
11.咬肌Masseter m.
12.颈外动脉Ext.carotid a.
23.头面部血管和神经（侧面观）（1）
Blood vessels and nerves of the head and face（lateral view）（1）
1.颞浅动、静脉Superf.temporal a.，v.
2.面神经颞支Temporal br.of facial n.
3.面神经颧支Zygomatic br.of facial n.
4.枕动、静脉Occipital a.，v.
5.枕大神经Greater occipital n.
6.枕小神经Lesser occipital n.
7.耳大神经Great auricular n.
8.颈外静脉Ext.jugular a.
9.下颌后静脉Retromandibular v.
10.额神经内、外侧支Lat.and med.br.of frontal n.
11.眼轮匝肌Orbicularis oculi m.
12.滑车上神经Supratrochlear n.
13.内眦静脉Angular v.
14.滑车下神经Infra trochlear n.
15.颧小肌Zygomaticus minor m.
16.颧大肌Zygomaticus major m.
17.腮腺管Parotid duct
18.面神经颊支Buccal br.of facial n.
19.咬肌Masseter m.
20.面神经下颌缘支Marginal mandibular br.of facial n.
21.面动、静脉Facial a.，v.
22.面神经颈支Cervical br.of facial n.
23.颈阔肌Platysma m.
24.腮腺
The parotid gland
25.腮腺床
The parotid bed
1.颞浅动、静脉Superf.temporal a.，v.
2.面横动、静脉Transv.facial a.，v.
3.腮腺Parotid gland
4.下颌后静脉Retromandibular v.
5.颈外静脉Ext.jugular v.
6.耳大神经Great auricular n.
7.面神经颞支Temporal brr.of facial n.
8.面神经颧支Zygomatic brr.of facial n.
9.面神经颊支Buccal brr.of facial n.
10.面神经下颌缘支Marginal mandibular br.of facial n.
11.面神经颈支Cervical br.of facial n.
12.面静脉Facial v.
13.面神经Facial n.
14.颈外动脉Ext.carotid a.
15.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
16.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.
17.副神经Accessory n.
18.颈内静脉Int.jugular v.
19.茎突舌骨肌Stylohyoid m.
20.下颌下腺Submandibular gland
26.头面部血管和神经（侧面观）（2）
Blood vessels and nerves of the head and face（lateral view）（2）
1.颞中动、静脉Middle temporal a.，v.
2.颞浅动脉Superf.temporal a.
3.耳后动脉Post.auricular a.
4.面神经Facial n.
5.胸锁乳突肌Sternocleidomastoid m.
6.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
7.颈内静脉Int.jugular v.
8.斜方肌Trapezius m.
9.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
10.茎突舌骨肌Stylohyoid m.
11.颈内动脉Int.carotid a.
12.颞肌Temporalis m.
13.颧神经颧颞支Zygomaticotemporal br.of zygomatic n.
14.颧神经颧面支Zygomaticofacial br.of zygomatic n.
15.眶下神经Infraorbital n.
16.咬肌动脉、神经Masseteric a.，n.
17.面深静脉Deep facial v.
18.颊动脉、神经Buccal a.，n.
19.面动、静脉Facial a.，v.
20.颏神经Mental n.
21.颈外动脉Ext.carotid a.
22.颈总动脉Common carotid a.
27.面深层的血管和神经（侧面观）（1）
Blood vessels and nerves of the deep layer of the face（lateral view）（1）
1.颞浅静脉Superf.temporal v.
2.耳颞神经Auriculotemporal n.
3.外耳道Ext.acoustic meatus
4.颞浅动脉Superf.temporal a.
5.咬肌神经Masseteric n.
6.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
7.上颌动、静脉Maxillary a.，v.
8.茎突舌骨肌Stylohyoid m.
9.颈内静脉Int.jugular v.
10.颈外动脉Ext.carotid a.
11.下颌下腺Submandibular gland
12.枕额肌额腹Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m.
13.颞中静脉Middle temporal v.
14.颞深动脉Deep temporal a.
15.翼丛Pterygoid plexus
16.颊动脉、神经Buccal a.，n.
17.面深静脉Deep facial v.
18.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
19.颊肌Buccinator m.
20.面动、静脉Facial a.，v.
21.下牙槽动脉、神经Inf.alveolar a.，n.
22.二腹肌前腹Ant.belly of digastric m.
23.舌骨Hyoid bone
28.面深层的血管和神经（侧面观）（2）
Blood vessels and nerves of the deep layer of the face（lateral view）（2）
1.颞浅动、静脉Superf.temporal a.，v.
2.耳颞神经Auriculotemporal n.
3.咬肌神经Masseteric n.
4.面神经Facial n.
5.上颌动脉Maxillary a.
6.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
7.颈外动脉Ext.carotid a.
8.茎突舌骨肌Stylohyoid m.
9.枕动脉Occipital a.
10.咬肌Masseter m.
11.翼外肌Lat.pterygoid m.
12.颊动脉、神经Buccal a.，n.
13.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
14.颊肌Buccinator m.
15.面动、静脉Facial a.，v.
16.舌神经Lingual n.
17.下牙槽动脉、神经Inf.alveolar a.，n.
18.下颌下腺Submandibular gland
29.面深层的血管和神经（侧面观）（3）
Blood vessels and nerves of the deep layer of the face（lateral view）（3）
1.颞浅动脉Superf.temporal a.
2.耳颞神经Auriculotemporal n.
3.面神经Facial n.
4.脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.
5.上颌动脉Maxillary a.
6.下牙槽动脉、神经Inf.alveolar a.，n.
7.茎突舌骨肌Stylohyoid m.
8.二腹肌后腹Post.belly of digastric m.
9.下颌神经节Submandibular ganglion
10.面动脉Facial a.
11.下颌下腺Mandibular gland
12.二腹肌前腹Ant.belly of digastric m.
13.颞肌Temporalis m.
14.内眦动脉Angular a.
15.颞深神经Deep temporal n.
16.翼外肌Lat.pterygoid m.
17.颊神经Buccal n.
18.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
19.舌Tongue
20.舌神经Lingual n.
21.舌下腺Sublingual gland
22.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.
23.下颌舌骨肌Mylohyoid m.
30.腮腺、舌下腺和下颌下腺
Parotid gland，sublingual gland and submandibular gland
31.下颌下三角及其内容
Submandibular triangle and its contents
1.腮腺管Parotid duct
2.颏舌肌Genioglossus m.
3.舌下腺Sublingual gland
4.颏舌骨肌Geniohyoid m.
5.二腹肌前腹Ant.belly of digastric m.
6.腮腺Parotid gland
7.咬肌Masseter m.
8.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
9.舌下腺小管Minor sublingual ducts
10.下颌下腺管Submandibular duct
11.下颌下腺Submandibular gland
12.下颌舌骨肌Mylohyoid m.
13.颈阔肌Platysma m.
14.二腹肌前腹Ant.belly of digastric m.
15.下颌舌骨肌Mylohyoid m.
16.舌动脉Lingual a.
17.面动、静脉Facial a.，v.
18.下颌骨下缘Lower margin of mandible
19.舌神经Lingual n.
20.下颌下腺和管Submandibular gland &duct
21.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.
22.茎突舌骨肌Styloglossus m.
32.面侧区的间隙（水平断面）
Spaces of the lateral region of the face（horizontal section）
33.面侧区的间隙（冠状断面）
Spaces of the lateral region of the face（coronal section）
1.枢椎Axis
2.颈内动、静脉Int.carotid a.，v.
3.咽后间隙和咽上缩肌Retropharyngeal space and sup.pharyngeal constrictor m.
4.咽Pharynx
5.咽扁桃体Palatine tonsil
6.舌Tongue
7.胸锁乳突肌Sternocleidomastoid m.
8.颈动脉鞘Carotid sheath
9.舌咽神经、迷走神经、舌下神经Glossopharyngeal，vagus，hypoglossal nn.
10.腮腺Parotid gland
11.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
12.咬肌间隙Masseter space
13.下颌支Ramus of mandible
14.咬肌Masseter m.
15.颞肌Temporalis m.
16.翼外肌Lat.pterygoid m.
17.翼颌间隙Pterygoidomandibular space
18.下颌下腺Submandibular gland
19.舌神经Lingual n.
20.咽旁间隙Lateropharyngeal space
21.翼内肌Med.pterygoid m.
34.颅内、外静脉的交通
Communications of the intra and extracranial veins
1.顶导静脉Parietal emissary v.
2.上矢状窦Sup.sagittal sinus
3.下矢状窦Inf.sagittal sinus
4.颞前板障静脉Ant.temporal diploic v.
5.枕板障静脉Occipital diploic v.
6.直窦Straight sinus
7.窦汇Confluence of sinuses
8.横窦Transv.sinus
9.枕导静脉Occiptal emissary v.
10.颞后板障静脉Post.temporal diploic v.
11.乙状窦Sigmoid sinus
12.乳突导静脉Mastoid emissary v.
13.枕静脉Occipital v.
14.髁导静脉Condylar emissary v.
15.椎静脉丛Venous plexus of vertebrae
16.颈外静脉Ext.jugular v.
17.颈内静脉Int.jugular v.
18.额板障静脉Frontal diploic v.
19.额导静脉Frontal emissary v.
20.眶上静脉Supraorbital v.
21.眼上静脉Sup.ophthalmic v.
22.内眦静脉Angular v.
23.海绵窦Cavernous sinus
24.眶下静脉Infraorbital v.
25.岩上、下窦Sup.，inf.petrosal sinuses
26.上唇静脉Sup.labial v.
27.面深静脉Deep facial v.
28.面静脉Facial v.
29.翼丛Pterygoid plexus
30.下唇静脉Inf.labial v.
31.下牙槽静脉Inf.alveolar v.
32.下颏静脉Submental v.
33.下颌后静脉Retromandibular v.
34.后支Post.ramus
35.新生儿颅骨（前面观）
Skull of the newborn infant（anterior view）
36.新生儿颅骨（侧面观）
Skull of the newborn infant（lateral view）
1.冠状缝Coronal suture
2.额缝Frontal suture
3.鼻间缝Internasal suture
4.上颌间缝Intermaxillary suture
5.前囟Ant.fontanelle
6.额结节Frontal tuber
7.蝶囟Sphenoid fontanelle
8.下颌缝Mandibular suture
9.顶结节Parietal tuber
10.后囟Post.fontanelle
11.人字缝Lambdoid suture
12.乳突囟Mastoid fontanelle
13.颞骨鳞部Squamous part of temporal bone
14.鼓环Tympanic anulus
15.蝶骨大翼Greater wing of sphenoid bone
16.颧骨Zygomatic bone
17.下颌体Body of mandible
37.新生儿颅骨（上面观）
Skull of the newborn infant（superior view）
38.新生儿颅底（外面观）
The base of the skull of the newborn infant（lateral view）
1.冠状缝Coronal suture
2.顶骨Parietal bone
3.鼻骨Nasal bone
4.额骨Frontal bone
5.前囟Ant.fontanelle
6.矢状缝Sagittal suture
7.顶结节Parietal tuber
8.上颌骨腭突Palatine process of maxilla
9.鼻后孔Choana
10.颧弓Zygomatic arch
11.颞骨Temporal bone
12.枕骨大孔Foramen magnum of occipital bone
13.枕骨Occiptal bone
14.后囟Post.fontanelle
15.下颌体Body of mandible
16.犁骨Vomer
17.蝶骨翼突Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
18.颞骨岩部Petrous part of temporal bone
19.鼓环Tympanic ring
20.颞骨鳞部Squamous part of temporal bone
21.颞骨乳突部Mastoid part of temporal bone
22.乳突囟Mastoid fontanelle