THE ABDOMEN 腹 部
104.腹部分区和器官投影
Subregions of the abdomen and surface projections of the organs
1.右季肋区Right hypochondriac region
2.经肋弓下线Trans-subcostal arch line
3.右外侧区Right lat.region
4.髂结节间线Intertubercular line
5.右髂区Right iliac region
6.右腹股沟韧带中线Right midinguinal lig.line
7.腹上区Epigastric region
8.左季肋区Left hypochondriac region
9.脐区Umbilical region
10.左外侧区Left lat.region
11.左髂区Left iliac region
12.腹下区Hypogastric region
13.左腹股沟韧带中线Left midinguinal lig.line
105.腹前外侧壁（1）
Anterolateral abdominal wall（1）
1.胸大肌Pectoralis major m.
2.背阔肌Latissimus dorsi m.
3.前锯肌Serratus ant.m.
4.肋间神经外侧皮支Lat.cutaneous brr.of intercostal nn.
5.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
6.腹直肌鞘前层Ant.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
7.腹外斜肌腱膜Aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis m.
8.卵圆窝Fossa ovalis
9.大隐静脉Great saphenous v.
10.浅筋膜Superf.fascia
11.剑突Xiphoid process
12.肋间神经前皮支Ant.cutaneous brr.of intercostal nn.
13.腹壁浅动、静脉Superf.epigastric a.，v.
14.阴茎悬韧带Suspensory lig.of penis
15.精索Spermatic cord
106.腹前外侧壁（2）
Anterolateral abdominal wall（2）
1.胸大肌Pectoralis major m.
2.前锯肌Serratus ant.m.
3.背阔肌Latissimus dorsi m.
4.腹直肌鞘前层Ant.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
5.腱划Tendinous intersections
6.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
7.腹直肌Rectus abdominis m.
8.肋间内肌Int.intercostal m.
9.肋软骨Costal cartilage
10.腹外斜肌腱膜Aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis m.
11.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis m.
107.腹前外侧壁（3）
Anterolateral abdominal wall（3）
1.腹直肌Rectus abdominis m.
2.背阔肌Latissimus dorsi m.
3.腹直肌鞘后层Post.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
4.腹壁上动、静脉Sup.epigastric a.，v.
5.腹横筋膜Transversalis fascia
6.腹直肌鞘前层Ant.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
7.弓状线Arcuate line
8.腹壁下动、静脉Inf.epigastric a.，v.
9.腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.，obliquus internus abdominis m.，transversus abdominis m.
10.精索Spermatic cord
11.胸大肌Pectoralis major m.
12.肋间神经Intercostal nn.
13.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
14.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis m.
15.腹横肌Transversus abdominis m.
16.旋髂深动、静脉Deep iliac circumflex a.，v.
17.髂腹下神经Iliohypogastric n.
18.髂腹股沟神经llioinguinal n.
108.腹壁的层次
Layers of the abdomina lwall
1.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
2.肋软骨Costal cartilage
3.腹直肌Rectus abdominis m.
4.腹直肌鞘前层Ant.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
5.膈Diaphragm
6.腹横筋膜Transversalis fascia
7.壁腹膜Parietal peritoneum
8.腹膜下筋膜Subperitoneal fascia
9.胸骨Sternum
10.浅筋膜Superf.fascia
11.皮肤Skin
12.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdoominis m.
13.腹内斜肌腱膜Obliquus internus abdominis aponeurosis
14.腹外斜肌腱膜Obliquus externus abdominis aponeurosis
15.腹横肌Transversus abdominis m.
16.腹横肌腱膜Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
17.腹直肌鞘后层Post.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
18.白线Linea alba
19.脐正中襞Median umbilical fold
20.锥状肌Pyramidalis m.
109.腹前壁（内面观）
Anterior abdominal wall（internal view）
110.腹股沟区（内面观）
Inguinal region（internal view）
1.胸膜Pleura
2.镰状韧带Falciform lig.
3.肝圆韧带、附脐静脉Ligamentum teres hepatis，paraumbilical v.
4.腹横肌Transversus abdominis m.
5.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis m.
6.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
7.弓状线Arcuate line
8.脐外侧襞Lat.umbilical fold
9.脐内侧襞Med.umbilical fold
10.脐正中襞、脐尿管Median umbilical fold，urachus
11.腹股沟外侧窝Lat.inguinal fossa
12.腹股沟内侧窝Med.inguinal fossa
13.髂腰肌Iliopsoas m.
14.输尿管Ureter
15.前列腺Prostate gland
16.膈Diaphragm
17.腹直肌Rectus abdominis m.
18.脐Umbilicus
19.腹直肌鞘后层Post.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
20.腹壁下动、静脉Inf.epigastric a.，v.
21.脐内侧韧带Med.umbilical lig.
22.腹股沟深环Deep inguinal ring
23.髂外动、静脉Ext.iliac a.，v.
24.联合腱Conjoined tendon
25.膀胱Urinary bladder
26.输精管Ductus deferens
27.闭孔内肌Obturator intemus m.
28.精囊腺Seminal vesicle
29.肛提肌Levator ani m.
30.腹横筋膜Transversalis fascia
31.腹膜Peritoneum
32.腔隙韧带Lacunar lig.
33.耻骨梳韧带Pectineal lig.
34.腹膜下筋膜Subperitoneal fascia
35.髂腰肌Iliopsoas m.
36.睾丸动、静脉Testicular a.，v.
37.髂筋膜Iliac fascia
38.股环Femoral ring
39.闭孔动脉Obturator a.
111.腹股沟区（1）
Inguinal region（1）
112.腹股沟区（2）
Inguinal region（2）
1.腹外斜肌、腱膜Obliquus externus abdominis m.，aponeurosis
2.旋髂浅动、静脉Superf.iliac circumflex a.，v.
3.股动、静脉Femoral a.，v.
4.腹直肌鞘前层Ant.layer of sheath of rectus abdominis m.
5.腹壁浅动、静脉Superf.epigastric a.，v.
6.浅环Superf.ring
7.髂腹股沟神经Ilioinguinal n.
8.精索Spermatic cord
9.大隐静脉Great saphenous v.
10.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis m.
11.腹股沟韧带Inguinal lig.
12.髂腹下神经Iliohypogastric n.
13.联合腱Conjoined tendon
113.腹股沟区（3）
Inguinal region（3）
114.腹股沟区（4）
Inguinal region（4）
1.旋髂深动、静脉Deep iliac circumflex a.，v.
2.腹横筋膜Transversalis fascia
3.深环Deep ring
4.精索Spermatic cord
5.腹外斜肌腱膜Obliquus externus abdominis aponeurosis
6.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis m.
7.腹横肌Transversus abdominis m.
8.联合腱Conjoined tendon
9.腹壁下动、静脉Inf.epigastric a.，v.
10.髂外静脉Ext.iliac v.
11.腔隙韧带Lacunar lig.
12.提睾肌Cremaster m.
115.结肠下区的腹膜腔（1）
Peritoneal cavity of subcolic region（1）
116.结肠下区的腹膜腔（2）
Peritoneal cavity of subcolic region（2）
1.大网膜Greater omentum
2.结肠右曲Right colic flexure
3.十二指肠Duodenum
4.右肠系膜窦Right mesenteric sinus
5.升结肠Ascending colon
6.右结肠旁沟Right paracolic sulcus
7.盲肠Cecum
8.回盲襞Ileocecal fold
9.阑尾Vermiform appendix
10.横结肠Transv.colon
11.中结肠动、静脉Middle colic a.，v.
12.小肠Small intestine
13.肠系膜Mesentery
14.左肠系膜窦Left mesenteric sinus
15.回盲下隐窝Inf.ileocecal recess
16.结肠左曲Left colic flexure
17.左结肠旁沟Left paracolic sulcus
18.十二指肠上、下隐窝Sup.，inf.duodenal recesses
19.降结肠Descending colon
20.乙状结肠Sigmoid colon
21.乙状结肠间隐窝Intersigmoid recess
117.女性腹腔（正中矢状切面）
Female abdominal cavity（median sagittal section）
1.肝Liver
2.肝胃韧带Hepatogastric lig.
3.腹膜腔Peritoneal cavity
4.横结肠系膜Transverse mesocolon
5.横结肠Transverse colon
6.空肠Jejunum
7.大网膜Greater omentum
8.膀胱Urinary bladder
9.耻骨联合Pubic symphysis
10.尿道Urethra
11.冠状韧带Coronary lig.
12.网膜囊上隐窝Sup.omental recess
13.网膜孔Omental foramen
14.胰Pancreas
15.网膜囊Omental bursa
16.十二指肠Duodenum
17.子宫Uterus
18.直肠Rectum
19.阴道Vagina
118.胃（前面观）
Stomach（anterior view）
119.网膜囊（1）
Omental bursa（1）
1.镰状韧带Falciform lig.
2.肝圆韧带Ligamentum teres hepatis
3.胆囊Gallbladder
4.肝十二指肠韧带Hepatoduodenal lig.
5.十二指肠上部Sup.part of duodenum
6.幽门Pylorus
7.右肾Right kidney
8.横结肠Transv.colon
9.肝Liver
10.胃底Fundus of stomach
11.贲门部Cardiac part
12.肝胃韧带Hepatogastric lig.
13.胃小弯Lesser curvature of stomach
14.脾Spleen
15.胃体Body of stomach
16.膈结肠韧带Phrenicocolic lig.
17.胃大弯Greater curvature of stomach
18.胃结肠韧带Gastrocolic lig.
19.胃胰襞Gastropancreatic fold
20.胰Pancreas
120.网膜囊（2）
Omental bursa（2）
121.胃床
Bed of the stomach
1.肝Livr
2.胆囊Gallbladder
3.肝胰襞Hepatopancreatic fold
4.幽门Pylorus
5.十二指肠上部Sup.part of duodenum
6.右肾Right kidney
7.结肠右曲Right flexure of colon
8.大网膜Greater omentum
9.胃Stomach
10.脾Spleen
11.胃胰襞Gastropancreatic fold
12.左肾Left kidney
13.脾肾韧带Splenorenal lig.
14.胰尾Tail of pancreas
15.胰体Body of pancreas
16.横结肠系膜Transv.mesocolon
17.横结肠Transv.colon
18.贲门Cardia
19.左肾上腺Left suprarenal gland
122.胃的肌肉
Muscles of the stomach
123.胃腔（内面观）
Cavity of the stomach（internal view）
1.食管Esophagus
2.胃小弯Lesser curvature of stomach
3.幽门Pylorus
4.角切迹Angular incisure
5.幽门部Pyloric part
6.十二指肠Duodenum
7.胃底Fundus of stomach
8.纵层Longitudinal layer
9.斜纤维Oblique fibers
10.胃体Body of stomach
11.胃大弯Greater curvature of stomach
12.环层Circular layer
13.贲门口Cardiac orifice
14.胃路Rugae
15.十二指肠上部Sup.part of duodenum
16.幽门口Pyloric orifice
17.幽门括约肌Sphincter of pylorus
18.幽门管Pyloric canal
19.幽门窦Pyloric antrum
20.贲门切迹Cardiac incisure
21.黏膜皱襞Mucous fold
124.胃的血管（前面观）
Blood vessels of the stomach（anterior view）
125.胃的血管（后面观）
Blood vessels of the stomach（posterior view）
1.肝总管Common hepatic duct
2.胆囊Gallbladder
3.胆囊管Cystic duct
4.胆总管Common bile duct
5.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
6.胃十二指肠动脉Gastroduodenal a.
7.胃右动、静脉Right gastric a.，v.
8.胃网膜右动、静脉Right gastroepiploic a.，v.
9.胃左动、静脉Left gastric a.，v.
10.胃短动、静脉Short gastric a.，v.
11.腹腔干Celiac trunk
12.肝总动脉Common hepatic a.
13.脾动脉Splenic a.
14.脾Spleen
15.胃网膜左动、静脉Left gastroepiploic a.，v.
16.胃Stomach
17.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
18.胰十二指肠上、下前动、静脉Sup.，inf.ant.pancreaticoduodenal a.，v.
19.肠系膜上动、静脉Sup.mesenteric a.，v.
20.胃后动、静脉Post.gastric a.，v.
21.脾动、静脉Splenic a.，v.
22.胰Pancreas
126.胃的迷走神经（前面观）
Vagus nerve of the stomach（anterior view）
127.胃的迷走神经（后面观）
Vagus nerve of the stomach（posterior view）
1.肝支Hepatic br.
2.腹腔神经节、丛Celiac ganglia，plexus
3.鸦爪形分支Crow brr.
4.腹腔支Celiac br.
5.胃壁支Brr.of gastric wall
6.胃后支Post.gastric br.
7.胃底贲门支Gastrocardiac br.
8.迷走神经后干Post.vagal trunk
128.胃的淋巴（前面观）
Lymph of the stomach（anterior view）
129.胃的淋巴（后面观）
Lymph of the stomach（posterior view）
1.腹腔淋巴结Celiac lymph nodes
2.幽门上淋巴结Suprapyloric lymph nodes
3.胃右淋巴结Right gastric lymph nodes
4.幽门下淋巴结Infrapyloric lymph nodes
5.胃网膜右淋巴结Right gastroomental lymph nodes
6.贲门淋巴环Cardiac lymph ring
7.胃左淋巴结Left gastric lymph nodes
8.脾淋巴结Splenic lymph nodes
9.脾Spleen
10.胃网膜左淋巴结Left gastroomental lymph nodes
11.大网膜Greater omentum
12.肠系膜上淋巴结Sup.mesenteric lymph nodes
13.胰上淋巴结Sup.pancreatic lymph nodes
130.肝及其韧带（前面观）
Liver and its ligaments（anterior view）
133.第二肝门
Second porta hepatis
131.肝及其韧带（后面观）
Liver and its ligaments（posterior view）
132.肝及其韧带（上面观）
Liver and its ligaments（superior view）
1.冠状韧带Coronary lig.
2.右三角韧带Right triangular lig.
3.肝右叶Right lobe of liver
4.胆囊Gallbladder
5.左三角韧带Left triangular lig.
6.镰状韧带Falciform lig.of liver
7.肝左叶Left lobe of liver
8.肝圆韧带Ligamentum teres hepatis
9.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
10.肝纤维附件Fibrous appendix of liver
11.尾状叶Caudate lobe
12.腔静脉韧带Vena caval lig.
13.冠状韧带上层Sup.layer of coronary lig.
14.裸区Bare area of liver
15.冠状韧带下层Inf.layer of coronary lig.
16.肝中静脉Middle hepatic v.
17.肝左静脉Left hepatic v.
18.肝右静脉Right hepatic v.
134.肝（下面观）
Liver（inferior view）
135.第一肝门及其结构
First porta hepatis and its structures
136.Couinaud肝段
Couinaud's liver segments
1.胆囊Gallbladder
2.结肠压迹Colon impression
3.十二指肠压迹Duodenal impression
4.肾压迹Renal impression
5.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
6.肝圆韧带Ligamentum teres hepatis
7.胆囊管Cystic duct
8.胆总管Common bile duct
9.肝固有动脉Common hepatic a.
10.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
11.静脉韧带Ligamentum venosum
12.胃压迹Gastric impression
13.食管压迹Esophageal impression
14.胆囊动脉Cystic a.
15.肝左、右管Left，right hepatic ducts
16.肝门静脉左、右支Left，right brr.of hepatic portal v.
17.肝总管Common hepatic duct
18.肝左、右动脉Left，right hepatic aa.
Ⅰ：尾状叶Caudate lobe
Ⅱ：左外叶上段Sup.segment of left lat.lobe
Ⅲ：左外叶下段Inf.segment of left lat.lobe
Ⅳ：左内叶Left med.lobe
Ⅴ：右前叶下段Inf.segment of right ant.lobe
Ⅵ：右后叶下段Inf.segment of right post.lobe
Ⅶ：右后叶上段Sup.segment of right post.lobe
Ⅷ：右前叶上段Sup.segment of right ant.lobe
137.格利森系统、肝叶和肝段（前面观）
Glisson's system，hepatic lobes and segments（anterior view）
138.格利森系统、肝叶和肝段（下面观）
Glisson's system，hepatic lobes and segments（inferior view）
1.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
2.肝中静脉Middle hepatic v.
3.肝右静脉Right hepatic v.
4.右叶间裂Right interlobar fissure
5.尾状叶右支Right caudate brr.
6.右前叶上支Sup.br.of right ant.lobe
7.肝中裂Median hepatic fissure
8.右段间裂Right intersegmental fissure
9.右后叶Right post.lobe
10.上段Sup.segment
1l.下段Inf.segment
12.右后叶支Right post.lobar brr.
13.上段支Sup.segment brr.
14.下段支Inf.segment brr.
15.右前叶下支Inf.br.of right ant.lobe
16.右前叶Right ant.lobe
17.左内叶Left med.lobe
18.肝左静脉Left hepatic v.
19.尾状叶左支Left caudate brr.
20.左段间裂Left intersegmental fissure
21.左外叶Left lat.lobe
22.左外叶支Left lat.lobar brr.
23.左叶间裂Left interlobar fissure
24.左内叶支Left med.lobar brr.
25.肝固有动脉Proper hepatic a.
26.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
27.肝总管Commen hepatic duct
28.尾状叶左段Left segment of caudate lobe
29.尾状叶右段Right segment of caudate lobe
139腹腔干的变异
Variations in celiac trunk
140.肝动脉的变异
Variations of hepatic arteries
141.肝外胆道
Extrahepatic duct
142.胆囊管变异
Variations of the cystic ducts
143.胆囊三角
Cystic triangle
144.胆囊动脉变异
Variations of the cystic arteries
1.胆囊颈Neck of gallbladder
2.哈特曼囊Hartmann sac
3.胆囊黏膜Cystic mucous membrane
4.胆囊体Body of gallbladder
5.胆囊底Fundus of gallbladder
6.十二指肠Duodenum
7.十二指肠大乳头Major duodenal papilla
8.肝右管Right hepatic duct
9.肝左管Left hepatic duct
10.螺旋瓣Spiral valve
11.胆囊管Cystic duct
12.肝总管Common hepatic duct
13.胆总管Common bile duct
14.胰管Pancreatic duct
15.肝胰壶腹Hepatopancreatic ampulla
16.肝Liver
17.胆囊Gallbladder
18.肝右动脉Right hepatic a.
19.胆囊动、静脉Cystic a.，v.
20.肝左动脉Left hepatic a.
21.肝固有动脉Proper hepatic a.
22.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
23.肝总动脉Common hepatic a.
145.肝门静脉和门腔静脉吻合
Hepatic portal vein and portocaval venous anastomosis
146.胃、胰、脾及十二指肠的静脉
Veins of stomach，pancreas，spleen and duodenum
1.锁骨下静脉Subclavian v.
2.胸腹壁静脉Thoracoepigastric v.
3.奇静脉Azygos v.
4.腹壁上静脉Sup epigastric v.
5.肝Liver
6.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
7.十二指肠Duodenum
8.附脐静脉Paraumbilical v.
9.脐周静脉网Periumbilical venous network
10.腹壁浅静脉Superf.epigastric v.
11.髂总静脉Common iliac v.
12.腹壁下静脉Inf epigastric v.
13.髂外静脉Ext.iliac v.
14.直肠下静脉Inf.rectal v.
15.大隐静脉Great saphenous v.
16.颈内静脉Int.jugular v.
17.头臂静脉Brachiocephalic v.
18.上腔静脉Sup.vena cava
19.副半奇静脉Accessory hemiazygos v.
20.食管静脉丛Venous plexus of esophagus
21.半奇静脉Hemiazygos v.
22.食管支Eesophageal br.
23.脾Spleen
24.胃左静脉、胃后静脉Left gastric v.，post.gastric v.
25.脾静脉Splenic v.
26.胃网膜左、右静脉Left，right gastroepiploic vv.
27.肠系膜下静脉Inf.mesenteric v.
28.肠系膜上静脉Sup.mesenteric v.(https://www.daowen.com)
29.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
30.结肠Colon
31.小肠Small intestine
32.直肠上静脉Sup.rectal v.
33.直肠静脉丛Rectal venous plexus
34.髂内静脉Int.iliac v.
35.肛静脉Anal v.
36.胃右静脉Right gastric v.
37.胰十二指肠上后静脉Post.sup.pancreaticoduodenal v.
38.胰十二指肠上前静脉Ant.sup.pancreaticoduodenal v.
39.胰十二指肠下后静脉Post.inf.pancreaticoduodenal v.
40.胰十二指肠下前静脉Ant.inf.pancreaticoduodenal v.
41.胃左静脉Left gastric v.
42.胃Stomach
43.胃短静脉Short gastric v.
44.胰尾静脉Vein of tail of pancreas
45.胰大静脉Great pancreatic v.
46.中结肠静脉Middle colic v.
147.胰和十二指肠（前面观）
Pancreas and duodenum（anterior view）
148.胰头和十二指肠后面的毗邻
Relations of the posterior aspect of the pancreatic head and duodenum
1.胆囊Gallbladder
2.肾上腺Suprarenal gland
3.肾Kidney
4.胰颈Neck of pancreas
5.十二指肠Duodenum
6.胰头Head of pancreas
7.肠系膜根Root of mesentery
8.胃Stomach
9.脾Spleen
10.胰尾Tail of pancreas
11.胰体Body of pancreas
12.结肠左曲Left colic flexure
13.横结肠Transv.colon
14.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
15.肾动、静脉Renal a.，v.
16.输尿管Ureter
17.胆总管Common bile duct
18.胰十二指肠上后动脉Post.sup.pancreaticoduodenal a.
19.胰十二指肠下后动脉Post.inf.pancreaticoduodenal a.
149.胰和十二指肠的动脉（前面观）
Pancreatic and duodenal arteries（anterior view）
150.胰和十二指肠的动脉（后面观）
Pancreatic and duodenal arteries（posterior view）
1.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
2.胆总管Common bile duct
3.肝固有动脉Proper hepatic a.
4.十二指肠上动脉Sup.duodenal a.
5.肝总动脉Common hepatic a.
6.胰十二指肠上前、后动脉Sup.ant.，post.pancreaticoduodena l a.
7.胰十二指肠下前、后动脉Inf.ant.，post.pancreaticoduodena l a.
8.肠系膜上动、静脉Sup.mesenteric a.，v.
9.腹腔干Celiac trunk
10.脾Spleen
11.脾动脉Splenic a.
12.胰大动脉Great pancreatic a.
13.胰尾动脉Caudal pancreatic a.
14.胰下动脉Inf.pancreatic a.
15.胰背动脉Dors.pancreatic a.
16.胰十二指肠下后动脉Inf.post.pancreaticoduodenal a.
17.胃十二指肠动脉Gastroduodenal a.
18.肝门静脉Hepatic portal v.
19.胰十二指肠上后动脉Sup.post.pancreaticoduodenal a.
20.胰头Head of pancreas
21.十二指肠Duodenum
151.肝外胆道和胰管
Extrahepatic bile duct and pancreatic duct
152.胰管的变异
Variations of the pancreatic duct
153.胆道和胰管结合处的变异
Variations in the union of the bile and pancreatic ducts
1.胆囊Gallbladder
2.副胰管Accessory pancreatic duct
3.十二指肠小乳头Minor duodenal papilla
4.十二指肠大乳头Major duodenal papilla
5.十二指肠纵襞Longitudinal fold of duodenum
6.胰管Pancreatic duct
7.胆囊管Cystic duct
8.肝总管Common hepatic duct
9.胰Pancreas
10.胆总管Common bile duct
11.肠系膜上动、静脉Sup.mesenteric a.，v.
12.十二指肠Duodenum
13.肝胰壶腹括约肌Sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla
14.肝胰壶腹Hepatopancreatic ampulla
154.空 肠
Jeiunum
155.回 肠
I leum
156.结肠的血管和淋巴
Blood vessels and lymph of the colon
1.肠系膜Mesentery
2.脂肪Fat
3.动脉弓Arterial arch
4.直动脉Straight aa.
5.环状襞Circular folds
6.孤立淋巴滤泡Solitary lymphatic follicle
7.黏膜层Mucosa
8.黏膜下层Submucosa
9.环层Circular layer
10.纵层Longitudinal layer
11.浆膜层Serosa
12.集合淋巴滤泡Aggregated lymphatic follicle
13.结肠袋Haustra of colon
14.独立带Free band
15.中结肠动、静脉及淋巴结Milddle colic a.，v.，lymph nodes
16.结肠旁淋巴结Paracolic lymph nodes
17.结肠右曲Right colic flexure
18.右结肠动、静脉及淋巴结Right colic a.，v.，lymph nodes
19.回结肠动、静脉及淋巴结Ileocolic a.，v.，lymph nodes
20.盲肠前淋巴结Ant.cecal lymph nodes
21.盲肠Cecum
22.阑尾动脉Appendicular a.
23.阑尾Vermiform appendix
24.大网膜Greater omentum
25.肠系膜上淋巴结Sup.mesenteric lymph nodes
26.结肠左曲Left colic flexure
27.肠系膜下淋巴结Inf.mesenteric lymph nodes
28.肠系膜下动脉Inf.mesenteric a.，
29.边缘动脉Marginal a.
30.左结肠动脉、淋巴结Left colic a.，lymph nodes
31.结肠上淋巴结Epicolic lymph nodes
32.乙状结肠淋巴结Sigmoid lymph nodes
33.乙状结肠动、静脉Sigmoid aa.，vv.
34.乙状结肠Sigmoid colon
157.结肠动脉的变异
Variations in colic arteries
1.副结肠中动脉Accessory middle colic a.
2.Riolan弓Arc of Riolan
158.阑尾的位置
Positions of the vermiform appendix
159.阑尾位置的变异
Variations of the vermiform appendicular position
160.回肠末端、阑尾和盲肠的血管
Blood vessels of the distal end of the ileum，vermiform appendix and cecum
1.结肠支Colic br.
2.独立带Free tenia
3.盲肠前动、静脉Ant.cecal a.，v.
4.结肠袋Haustra of colon
5.盲肠Cecum
6.回结肠动、静脉Ileocolic a.，v.
7.肠系膜上动、静脉Sup.mesenteric a.，v.
8.肠系膜Mesentery
9.回肠Ileum
10.回盲襞Ileocecal fold
11.阑尾动、静脉Appendicular a.，v.
12.阑尾Vermiform appendix
161.回盲部（外面观）
Ileocecal part（external view）
162.回盲部（内面观）
Ileocecal part（internal view）
1.独立带Free tenia
2.盲肠Cecum
3.盲肠襞Cecal folds
4.网膜带Omental tenia
5.盲肠后支Post.cecal br.
6.盲肠皱襞Cecal fold
7.回结肠动脉Ileocolic a.
8.独立带Free tenia
9.阑尾Vermiform appendix
10.阑尾动脉Appndicular a.
11.回肠Ileum
12.结肠系膜带Mesocolic tenia
13.肠脂垂Epiploic appendices
14.结肠袋Haustra of colon
15.半月襞Semilunar folds
16.回盲瓣口Orifice of ileocecal valve
17.阑尾口Orifice of vermiform appendix
18.回盲瓣Ileocecal valve
163.盲肠及阑尾动脉的变异
Variations of cecal and appendicular arteries
1.回结肠动脉Ileocolic a.
2.结肠支Colic br.
3.回肠支Ileal br.
4.盲肠前支Ant.cecal br.
5.盲肠后支Post.cecal br.
6.阑尾动脉Appendicular a.
164.腹膜后隙及其器官和结构
Retroperitoneal space and its organs and structures
1.膈Diaphragm
2.壁腹膜Parietal peritoneum
3.肝静脉Hepatic vv.
4.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
5.右肾上腺静脉Right suprarenal v.
6.右肾上腺Right sprarenal gland
7.肾脂肪囊Adipose capsule of kidney
8.右肾静脉Right renal v.
9.右肾盂Right renal pelvis
10.腹主动脉Abdominal aorta
11.肠系膜下动脉Inf.mesenteric a.
12.右髂总动、静脉Right common iliac a.，v.
13.右髂内动、静脉Right int.iliac a.，v.
14.右髂外动、静脉Right ext.iliac a.，v.
15.食管腹部Abdominal part of esophagus
16.膈下动脉Inf.phrenic aa.
17.左肾上腺Left suprarenal gland
18.肠系膜上动脉Sup.mesenteric a.
19.左肾动、静脉Left renal a.，v.
20.肾盂Renal pelvis
21.睾丸动、静脉Testicular a.，v.
22.髂腹下神经Iliohypogastric n.
23.髂腹股沟神经Ilioinguinal n.
24.腰方肌Quadratus lumborum m.
25.股外侧皮神经Lat.femoral cutaneous n.
26.腰大肌Psoas major m.
27.生殖股神经股支Femoral br.of genitofemoral n.
28.生殖股神经生殖支Genital br.of genitofemoral n.
29.直肠Rectum
30.膀胱Urinary bladder
165.腹膜后隙及其大血管
Retroperitoneal space and its large blood vessels
1.膈下动、静脉Inf.phrenic aa.，vv.
2.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
3.右肾上腺静脉Right suprarenal v.
4.腰大肌Psoas major m.
5.腰方肌Quadratus lumborum m.
6.腰动、静脉Lumbar aa.，vv.
7.腹主动脉Abdominal aorta
8.肠系膜下动脉Inf.mesenteric a.
9.髂总动、静脉Common iliac a.，v.
10.旋髂深动、静脉Deep iliac circumflex a.，v.
11.髂内、外动、静脉Int.，ext.iliac a.，v.
12.膀胱Urinary bladder
13.肝静脉Hepatic vv.
14.食管Esophagus
15.腹腔干Celiac trunk
16.左肾上腺Left suprarenal gland
17.左肾上腺静脉Left suprarenal v.
18.左肾动、静脉Left renal a.，v.
19.左肾Left kidney
20.肠系膜上动脉Sup.mesenteric a.
21.睾丸动、静脉Testicular a.，v.
22.左输尿管Left ureter
23.骶正中动、静脉Median sacral a.，v.
24.髂肌Iliacus m.
25.直肠Rectum
166.肾、肾上腺和输尿管的血管
Blood vessels of the kidneys，suprarenal glands and ureters
1.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
2.肾上腺上动脉Sup.suprarenal a.
3.肾上腺中动脉Middle suprarenal a.
4.肾上腺下动脉Inf.suprarenal a.
5.右肾动、静脉Right renal a.，v.
6.肾Kidney
7.右输尿管Right ureter
8.右髂外动、静脉Right ext.iliac a.，v.
9.膀胱上动脉Sup.vesical a.
10.食管Esophagus
11.左肾上腺Left suprarenal gland
12.左肾动、静脉Left renal a.，v.
13.左肾盂Left renal pelvis
14.左睾丸动、静脉Left testicular a.，v.
15.腹主动脉Abdominal aorta
16.腰大肌Psoas major m.
17.左输尿管Left ureter
18.左髂总动、静脉Left common iliac a.，v.
19.直肠Rectum
20.膀胱Urinary bladder
167.腹膜后隙的自主神经
Autonomic nerves of the retroperitoneal space
1.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
2.腹腔神经节、丛Celiac ganglia，plexus
3.肠系膜上神经节、丛Sup.mesenteric ganglion，plexus
4.肾神经节、丛Renal ganglion，plexus
5.肾动、静脉Renal a.，v.
6.腰交感干、神经节Lumbar sympathetic trunk，ganglia
7.腹主动脉Abdominal aorta
8.腰大肌Psoas major m.
9.下腹上丛Sup.hypogastric plexus
10.直肠Rectum
11.迷走神经前干Ant.vagal trunk
12.迷走神经后干Post.vagal trunk
13.内脏大神经Greater splanchnic n.
14.内脏小神经Lesser splanchnic n.
15.主动脉肾节Aorticorenal ganglia
16.腹主动脉丛Abdominal aortic plexus
17.睾丸动脉Testicular a.
18.输尿管Ureter
19.髂总动、静脉Common iliac a.，v.
20.骶丛Sacral plexus
21.膀胱Urinary bladder
168.腹膜后隙的淋巴
Lymph of the retroperitoneal space
1.膈下淋巴结Inf.phrenic lymph nodes
2.胸导管Thoracic duct
3.乳糜池Cisterna chyli
4.左、右腰干Left，right lumbar trunks
5.腰淋巴结Lumbar lymph node
6.骶外侧淋巴结Lat.sacral lymph nodes
7.髂外淋巴结Ext.iliac lymph nodes
8.腹腔淋巴结Celiac lymph nodes
9.肠系膜上淋巴结Sup.mesenteric lymph nodes
10.肠干Intestinal trunk
11.肠系膜下淋巴结Inf.mesenteric lymph nodes
12.髂总淋巴结Common iliac lymph nodes
13.髂内淋巴结Int.iliac lymph nodes
14.骶正中淋巴结Median sacral lymph nodes
169.肾和输尿管的体表投影
Surface projections of the kidneys and ureters
170.右肾（前面观）
Right kidney（anterior view）
171.右肾（后面观）
Right kidney（posterior view）
172.肾窦及其结构
Renal sinus and its structures
173.肾的额状断面（后面观）
Frontal section of the kidney（posterior view）
1.第11肋11th rib
2.左肾Left kidney
3.第1腰椎1st lumbar vertebra
4.第3腰椎3rd lumbar vertebra
5.第12胸椎12th thoracic vertebra
6.第12肋12th rib
7.肾盂Renal pelvis
8.右肾Right kidney
9.输尿管Ureter
10.外侧缘Lat.border
11.肾前唇Ant.renal lip
12.前面Ant.surface
13.上端Sup.extremity
14.上极动脉Upper polar a.
15.肾后唇Post.renal lip
16.肾动脉Renal a.
17.肾静脉Renal v.
18.内侧缘Med.border
19.下端Inf.extremity
20.后面Post.surface
21.肾小盏Minor renal calyx
22.肾动、静脉Renal a.，v.
23.肾乳头Renal papilla
24.肾动和静脉的分、属支Brr.，tributaries of renal a.，v.
25.肾大盏Major renal calyx
26.肾皮质Renal cortex
27.肾锥体，肾髓质Renal pyramid，renal medulla
28.锥体底Base of pyramid
29.肾柱Renal column
174.肾段和肾段动脉（前面观）
Renal segments and renal segmental arteries（anterior view）
175.肾段和肾段动脉（后面观）
Renal segments and renal segmental arteries（posterior view）
176.右肾前面的毗邻
Anterior relations of the right kidney
177.左肾前面的毗邻
Anterior relations of the left kidney
1.上前段Sup.ant.segment
2.上前段动脉Sup.ant.segmental a.
3.肾动脉前支Ant.br.of renal a.
4.下前段动脉Inf.ant.segmental a.
5.下段动脉Inf.segmental a.
6.下前段Inf.ant.segment
7.下段Inf.segment
8.上段Sup.segment
9.上段动脉Sup.segmental a.
10.肾动脉Renal a.
11.输尿管Ureter
12.肾动脉后支Post.br.of renal a.
13.后段Post.segment
14.肾盂Renal pelvis
15.肝Liver
16.十二指肠Duodenum
17.结肠右曲Right flexure of colon
18.小肠Small intestine
19.肾上腺Suprarenal gland
20.胃Stomach
21.脾Spleen
22.胰Pancreas
23.小肠Small intestine
24.结肠左曲Left flexure of colon
178.肾筋膜（通过第2腰椎横断面）
Renal fasciae（transverse section through the second lumbar vertebra）
179.肾筋膜（通过右肾的矢状断面）
Renal fasciae（sagittal section through the right kidney）
1.膈Diaphragm
2.膈下筋膜Subdiaphragmatic fascia
3.肋膈隐窝Costodiaphragmatic recess
4.肾周围脂肪Pararenal fat
5.肾上腺Suprarenal gland
6.肾后筋膜Post.layer of renal fascia
7.第12肋12th rib
8.脂肪囊Adipose capsule
9.肾前筋膜Ant.layer of renal fascia
10.腹横筋膜Transversalis fascia
11.腰方肌Quadratus lumborum m.
12.髂嵴Iliac crest
13.肺Lung
14.肝Liver
15.肝裸区Bare area of liver
16.纤维囊Fibrous capsule
17.结肠右曲Right flexure of colon
18.腹膜Peritoneum
19.右肾Right kidney
20.腹膜后脂肪Retroperitoneal fat
21.肠系膜上动、静脉Sup.mesenteric a.，v.
22.胰Pancreas
23.腹主动脉Abdominal aorta
24.左肾Left kidney
25.降结肠Descending colon
26.左肾动、静脉Left renal a.，v.
27.腰大肌Psoas major m.
28.竖棘肌Erector spinae m.
29.下腔静脉Inf.vena cava
30.十二指肠Duodenum
31.腹横肌Transversus abdominis m.
32.腹内斜肌Obliquus internus abdomini sm.
33.腹外斜肌Obliquus externus abdominis m.
34.背阔肌Latissimus dorsi m.
35.膈肌脚Crura of diaphragm