结 语
随着传统国际投资法越来越暴露出不平衡性、不一致性、不透明性，加之发达国家、新兴大国和发展中国家在国际投资与国际投资法中身份和地位的结构变迁，在转型改革过程中，国际投资法越来越趋向于平衡兼顾投资保护、东道国公共政策规制权和可持续发展，这种趋同化在一定程度上弱化了传统的南北矛盾，似乎为国际投资法的全面多边化提供了有利条件。然而，在转型改革过程中，国际投资法越来越复杂多元，国际投资法碎片化、不一致性、交叠性依然严重甚至有增无减，这对国际投资法的全面多边化提出了巨大的挑战，也给国际投资法的未来发展带来了很大的不确定性。为此，各国应在国内、双边、区域和多边各个层次上协调国际投资法的转型改革，促进国际投资法转型改革的多边共识，努力推动建立面向包容性增长和可持续发展的多边统一的国际投资法律体制。[36]
（本文责任编辑：刘毅楠）
Transformation and Reform of International Investment Law
Wang Yanzhi
Abstract:The transformation and reform of international investment law has gone through more than ten years of treaty practice,from which we can see the development trend of the reform and transformation of international investment law.Overall,international investment law shows a basic trend from a neoliberal paradigm to an embedded liberal,sustainable development paradigm.Specifically,the transformation and reform of international investment law presents a obviously complex picture.In the process of transformation and reform,international investment law has shown specific trends of convergence,diversification and complexity.The convergence is reflected in the new generation of international investment agreements(IIAs)that clarify and define investment protection clauses,increase and strengthen the host country's sovereign public policy space,host country's regulatory rights and sustainable development clauses.Diversification is reflected in the new generation of IIA in developed countries,emerging powers,and other developing countries,which have different paradigm innovations in terms of basic framework and main content.In terms of investor-state dispute settlement(ISDS),the United States adopts the improved investor-state arbitration paradigm,the EU adopts the permanent investment court and appellate body paradigm,and Brazil adopts the dispute prevention and statestate dispute settlement paradigm.In the dimension of sustainable development,the United States and Europe have adopted the inter-country model,the United States has adopted the model of environmental and labor clauses,the European Union has adopted the model of general public policy regulation rights of the host country,and most African regional organizations and some African countries have adopted mixed model integrating the investor obligation,host country rights and even home country obligations.The complexity is reflected in the fragmentation caused by more than 3,000 IIAs,the overlap caused by the rise of regionalization,and the differences in specific content between different IIAs.Convergence provides the conditions for the multilateralization of international investment law,but diversity and complexity mean that the challenges facing multilateralization continue unabated.The convergence,diversity,complexity and obstruction of multilateralization in the transformation of international investment law generally reflect the path dependence and experience evolution logic of international investment law.
Key Words:international investment law;international investment agreements;convergence;diversification;complexity;multilateralization
【注释】
[1]本文系国家社科基金一般项目“‘一带一路’倡议下中国视角的国际投资规则创新研究”（18BFX214）的阶段性研究成果。
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