3.3 Later developments
In 1992，the idea of creative destruction was put into formal mathematical terms by Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt，giving an alternative model of endogenous growth compared to Paul Romer's expanding varieties model.
In 1995，Harvard Business School authors Richard L.Nolan and David C.Croson released Creative Destruction：A Six-Stage Process for Transforming the Organization.The book advocated downsizing to free up slack resources，which could then be reinvested to create competitive advantage.
More recently，the idea of“creative destruction”was utilized by Max Page in his 1999 book，The Creative Destruction of Manhattan，1900—1940.The book traces Manhattan's constant reinvention，often at the expense of preserving a concrete past.Describing this process as“creative destruction”，Page describes the complex historical circumstances，economics，social conditions and personalities that have produced crucial changes in Manhattan's cityscape.
In addition to Max Page，others have used the term“creative destruction”to describe the process of urban renewal and modernization.T.C.Chang and Shirlena Huang referenced“creative destruction”in their paper recreating place，replacing memory：Creative Destruction at the Singapore River.The authors explored the efforts to redevelop a waterfront area that reflected a vibrant new culture while paying sufficient homage to the history of the region.Rosemary Wakeman chronicled the evolution of an area in central Paris，France known as Les Halles.Les Halles housed a vibrant marketplace starting in the twelfth century.Ultimately，in 1971，the markets were relocated and the pavilions torn down.In their place，now stand a hub for trains，subways and buses.Les Halles is also the site of the largest shopping mall in France and the controversial Centre Georges Pompidou.
The term“creative destruction”has been applied to the arts.Alan Ackerman and Martin Puncher（2006）edited a collection of essays under the title Against Theater：Creative destruction on the modernist stage.They detail the changes and the causal motivations experienced in theater as a result of the modernization of both the production of performances and the underlying economics.They speak of how theater has reinvented itself in the face of anti-theatricality，straining the boundaries of the traditional to include more physical productions，which might be considered avant-garde staging techniques.
In his 1999 book，Still the New World，American Literature in a Culture of Creative Destruction，Philip Fisher analyzes the themes of creative destruction at play in literary works of the twentieth century，including the works of such authors as Ralph Waldo Emerson，Walt Whitman，Herman Melville，Mark Twain，and Henry James，among others.Fisher argues that creative destruction exists within literary forms just as it does within the changing of technology.
Neoconservative author Michael Ledeen argued in his 2002 book The War Against the Terror Masters that America is a revolutionary nation，undoing traditional societies：“Creative destruction is our middle name，both within our own society and abroad.We tear down the old order every day，from business to science，literature，art，architecture，and cinema to politics and the law.”His characterization of creative destruction as a model for social development has met with fierce opposition from paleo conservatives.
Creative destruction has also been linked to sustainable development.The connection was explicitly mentioned for the first time by Stuart L.Hart and Mark B.Milstein in their 1999 article“Global Sustainability and the Creative Destruction of Industries”，in which he argues new profit opportunities lie in a round of creative destruction driven by global sustainability.
Andrea L.Larson agreed with this vision a year later in Sustainable Innovation.Through an Entrepreneurship Lens，stating entrepreneurs should be open to the opportunities for disruptive improvement based on sustainability.In 2005，James Hartshorn（et al.）emphasized the opportunities for sustainable，disruptive improvement in the construction industry in his article“Creative Destruction：Building Toward Sustainability”.