2.1 Creativity as a subset of intelligence
A number of researchers include creativity，either explicitly or implicitly，as a key component of intelligence.
Examples of theories that include creativity as a subset of intelligence
Gardner's Theory of multiple intelligences（MIT）—implicitly includes creativity as a subset of MIT.To demonstrate this，Gardner cited examples of different famous creators，each of whom differed in their types of intelligences e.g.Picasso（spatial intelligence）；Freud（intrapersonal）；Einstein（logicalmathematical）；and Gandhi（interpersonal）.
Sternberg's Theory of Successful intelligence（see Triarchic theory of intelligence）includes creativity as a main component，and comprises 3sub-theories：Componential（Analytic），Contextual（Practical），and Experiential（Creative）.Experiential subtheory—the ability to use pre-existing knowledge and skills to solve new and novel problems—is directly related to creativity.
The Cattell—Horn—Carroll theory includes creativity as a subset of intelligence.Specifically，it is associated with the broad group factor of long-term storage and retrieval（Glr）.Glr narrow abilities relating to creativity include：ideational fluency，associational fluency，and originality／creativity.Silvia et al.conducted a study to look at the relationship between divergent thinking and verbal fluency tests，and reported that both fluency and originality in divergent thinking were significantly affected by the broad level Glr factor.Martindale extended the CHCtheory in the sense that it was proposed that those individuals who are creative are also selective in their processing speed Martindale argues that in the creative process，larger amounts of information are processed more slowly in the early stages，and as the individual begins to understand the problem，the processing speed is increased.
The Dual Process Theory of Intelligence posits a two-factor／type model of intelligence.Type 1 is a conscious process，and concerns goal directed thoughts.Type 2 is an unconscious process，and concerns spontaneous cognition，which encompasses daydreaming and implicit learning ability.Kaufman argues that creativity occurs as a result of Type 1 and Type 2 processes working together in combination.The use of each type in the creative process can be used to varying degrees.