3.1　Innovation ecosystem

Innovation Ecosystems refer to the inter-organizational，political，economic，environmental，and technological systems through which a milieu conducive to business growth is catalyzed，sustained，and supported.A dynamic innovation ecosystem is characterized by a continual realignment of synergistic relationships of people，knowledge，and resources that promote harmonious growth of the system in agile responsiveness to changing internal and external forces.Optimizing the impact of investments made by stimulus programs and public and private stakeholders is a quest shared by developers around the world.A clear understanding of how to invest local resources for global participation that will accrue benefits to the local area has yet to be fully articulated，and metrics to measure interim progress are greatly needed.

The term“innovation ecosystem”has become popular in industry，academia，and government.It is used in corporate，national，or regional contexts，in idiosyncratic ways.It implies a faulty analogy to natural ecosystems，and is therefore a poor basis for the needed multi-disciplinary research and policies addressing emerging concepts of innovation.Frenkel and Maital find an early use of“innovation ecosystem”in a New York Times operated by William Kennard，a former Chairman of the US Federal Communications Commission.