Before You Read
1.Do you know anything about table manners in Western culture？
2.Have you ever been invited to a formal western dinner party？
3.What food is usually served at table in western countries？
4.What do you think of office attire in China？
5.Do you agree that clothes make the man and the woman？
Reading 1
Manners at a Dinner Party
People who go to a formal western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in western culture.Knowing them will help you make a good impression.Having good table manners means knowing，for example，how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses—one for white wine，one for the red wine，and one for water.There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table，forks on the left and knives in the right of the plate.When you see two spoons，it means the big one for the soup and the small one for the dessert.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them.When you sit down at the table，you can take your napkin，unfold it and put it on your lap.In China，you sometimes get a hot，damp cloth to clean your face and hands，which，however，is not the custom in Western countries.
Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter.Some people pray before they start eating，and other people may keep silent for a moment.Then you can say“Enjoy your meal”to each other and everybody start eating.For the starter，which you eat with the smaller pair，you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.After the starter you will get a bowl of soup—but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.
（旁注：manners［'mænəz］）
（旁注：n.礼貌，规范）
（旁注：behave［bɪ'heɪv］）
（旁注：v.表现；行为；举止）
（旁注：napkin［'næpkɪn］）
（旁注：n.餐巾，餐巾纸）
（旁注：dessert［dɪ'zə:t］）
（旁注：n.餐后甜点；甜点心）
（旁注：starter［'stɑ:tə］）
（旁注：n.（主菜之前的）开胃小吃）
（旁注：pray［preɪ］）
（旁注：vi.祈祷）
The next dish is the main course.Many Westerners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird.Some people can use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds，but never touch beef or other meat in bones.It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate，so don't take more food than you need.
（旁注：tender［'tendə］）
（旁注：adj.纤弱的，幼小的）
（旁注：finger［'fɪŋgə］）
（旁注：n.手指）
（旁注：custom［'kʌstəm］）
（旁注：n.风俗；习惯）
At table，you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot，but do not laugh all the time.
Most Westerners like soft drink if they will drive home.Many of them drink white or red wine with the food.When drinking to someone's health，you raise your glasses，but the glasses should not touch.The manner of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once，but Westerners usually take only a sip.For drinking during a dinner，the best advice is never to drink too much.
（旁注：toast［təust］）
（旁注：n.干杯）
Table manners change over time.They follow the fashion of the day.Besides，table manners are only important at formal dinner parties.If you're not sure what to do，you can always follow your hosts.Although good manners always make you look good，you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.
Language Focus
1.People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time...
*句中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词people。
e.g.:He is the man who you are waiting for.
他就是你要等的那个人。
2.Having good table manners means knowing，for example，how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table...
*句中的how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table，作knowing的宾语。
mean v.打算；意味
e.g.:I mean to call on you tomorrow.
我打算明天看望你。
Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year.
现在花钱过头，来年就要缺钱。
3.When drinking to someone's health...
*句中“when+分词”结构在句中作时间状语。如果分词和句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系时，用现在分词，如是逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词。
e.g.:When asked to stand up，the boy became very nervous.（when+过去分词）
被要求站起来时，男孩变得很紧张。
When watching TV，he saw a man in.（when+现在分词）
在看电视时，他看到有人进来。
drink to one's health…为某人的健康干杯
e.g.:The guests drink to one another's health.
客人们相互为健康祝酒。
Let's drink to our health and success.
为了我们的成功和健康干杯。
Related Background Information
Dining Occasions（用餐场合）
西方餐桌礼仪一般都是分场合的，常见如自助餐、鸡尾酒会、晚宴等。
自助餐：自助餐会提供很多种食物，如水果、甜点、肉食等。食物可以随便拿取但不能带走。
鸡尾酒会：鸡尾酒会的形式活泼、简便，便于人们交谈。酒会当然是以酒会友，而食物也是以酒为重，也有一些小食品例如点心、面包、香肠等，放在桌子上或者有服务员拿着托盘端给客人。客人可以随意走动。因为客人会随时和人握手，这种酒会一般要备上纸巾。
晚宴：西方晚宴一般夫妇需同时出席。若收到邀请，要仔细阅读邀请函，上面会说明是一个人还是携带伴侣。回复邀请时，最好能告诉主人你的名字。Dinning in the West（西方用餐）
在西方用餐需要注意一下几点事项：
·瓷杯装热水，玻璃杯装冷水或者冰块。
·就座时，要坐端正，手肘不要放在桌面上，不要跷腿，和餐桌保持适当的距离。
·就餐期间，如果暂时离开座位，需把餐巾放在椅子上，餐巾放在桌上意味着就餐结束。
·不要在餐桌上化妆，不要用餐巾擦鼻涕。用餐时打嗝是大忌。取食时，够不到的食物可以请别人传递，不要站起来。
Reading Comprehension
Make the best choice according to what you have read.
1.How do people feel at a formal western dinner party for the first time？
A.Comfortable.B.Exited.C.Surprised.D.Nervous.
2.Having good table manners means_______.
A.knowing how to behave at the table
B.knowing when to drink a toast
C.knowing how to use knives and forks
D.all of the above
3.How many spoons are usually put at the table？
A.3.B.1.C.2.D.4.
4.A starter can be________according to the author.
A.soup B.dessert C.a small fish D.fruit
5.Does everyone pray before they start eating？
A.Yes，certainly.B.No，just some.
C.No，nobody D.Yes，Many.
6.After the starter you will get_______.
A.main course B.a bowl of soup
C.chicken D.beef
7.Which one is not a good table manner at formal dinner parties in paragraph 3？
A.People can use their fingers when eating chicken or other birds.
B.People can use their fingers to touch beef or other meat in bones.
C.It is polite to finish eating everything on the plate.
D.Don't take more food than one needs.
8.Can people laugh all the time at a formal western dinner party？
A.Yes，of course.B.No，they can't.
C.Yes，they can't.D.No，they can.
9.What do most Westerners like at a dinner party if they will drive home？
A.Juice.B.White wine.C.Red wine.D.Rice wine.
10.What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A.Table manners are always important on any occasions.
B.Table manners never change.
C.People needn't worry so much about table manners when having dinner with friends.
D.Good manners don't make one look good.
Reading 2
Office Attire
A little careless dress on business occasions can result in a feeling of much discomfort that may well require a solution.And the sad truth is that“clothing mismatches”on the job can ruin the day of the person who is wearing the inappropriate attire and the people with whom he or she comes in contact.（旁注：ruin［'ru:ɪn］）
（旁注：vt.破坏，毁灭）
（旁注：inappropriate）
（旁注：［'ɪnə'prəuprɪət］）
（旁注：adj.不适当的；不合宜的）（旁注：attire［ə'taɪə（r）］）
（旁注：n.服装；盛装）
When should you dress up or dress down？
Offices vary when it comes to dress codes.Some businesses have very high standards for their employees and set strict guidelines for office attire，while others maintain a more relaxed attitude.However，it is always important to remember that no matter what your company's attitude is regarding what you wear，you are working in a business environment and you should dress accordingly.Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting，just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the beach than for an office environment.Your attire should reflect both your environment and your position.A senior vice president has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales assistant.Like it or not，you will be judged by your personal appearance.（旁注：maintain［meɪn'teɪn］）（旁注：vt.保持，维持）
（旁注：environment）
（旁注：［ɪn'vaɪrənmənt］）（旁注：n.环境；外界）
（旁注：image［'ɪmɪdʒ］）
（旁注：n.印象；形象）
This is never more apparent than on“dress-down days”，When what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could.In fact，people will pay more attention to what you wear on dress-down days than on“business professional”days.
（旁注：apparent［ə'pærənt］）
（旁注：adj.明显的；表面上的）
（旁注：flair［fleə］）
（旁注：n.鉴别力）
（旁注：wardrobe［'wɔ:drəub］）
（旁注：衣柜，衣橱
Thus，when dressing in“business casual”clothes，try to put some flair into your wardrobe choices，recognize that the“real”definition of business casual is to dress just a little down from what you would normally wear on business professional attire days.Avoid jeans，worn，wrinkled polo shirts，sports shoes，scuffed shoes，halter tops，and revealing blouses.For men，try wearing a neat pair of pants and a buttoned shirt with long or short sleeves that has more color texture in the fabric.For women，wear skirts or tailored pants with blouses，blazers，and accessories that mean business yet express a more casual look than your standard business attire.
（旁注：definition［'defɪ'nɪʃn］）
（旁注：n.定义；阐释）
（旁注：wrinkle［'rɪŋkl］）
（旁注：vt.使起皱纹；皱着）
（旁注：scuff［skʌf］）
（旁注：v.磨损）
（旁注：halter［'hɔ:ltə（r）］）
（旁注：n.露背背心）
（旁注：reveal［rɪ'vi:l］）
（旁注：vt.显示；透露）
（旁注：tailor［'teɪlə（r）］）
（旁注：vt.缝制）
（旁注：accessory［ək'sesərɪ］）
（旁注：n.附件；配件）
Remember，there are boundaries between your career and your social life.You should dress one way for play and another way when you mean business.Always ask yourself where you're going and how other people will be dressed when you get there.Is the final destination the opera，the beach，or the office？Dress accordingly and you will discover the truth in the maxim that clothes make the man and the woman.When in doubt，always err on the side of dressing slightly more conservatively than the situation demands.Remember，you can always remove a jacket，but you can't put one on if you didn't think to take it with you.
（旁注：destination）
（旁注：［'destɪ'neɪʃn］）
（旁注：n.目的地；终点）
（旁注：maxim［'mæksɪm］）
（旁注：n.格言；箴言）
Language Focus
1.result in：导致；结果是
e.g.:Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
紧张和疲劳常使人精力不集中。
Drinking can result in traffic accidents.
饮酒引发交通事故。
2.profound adj.极度的；深远的
e.g.:Beauty is but superficial while mind is profound.
美貌是肤浅的，而思想才是深邃的。
The earthquake had a profound damage on the area.
地震给这个地区造成严重破坏。
3.And the sad truth is that“clothing mismatches”on the job can ruin the day of the person who's wearing the inappropriate attire and the people with whom he or she comes in contact.
—Unsuitable dressing at work can not only make the person who is not dressed properly a bad day，but also make the person who is in contact with him or her uncomfortable.
4.dress up：穿上盛装；化妆
e.g.:They all dressed up to take part in the parade.
他们都穿上盛装去参加游行。
The girls all dressed up to take part in the evening party.
姑娘们全都打扮起来去参加晚会。
5.dress down：穿着随便
e.g.:I look forward to Fridays because that's when we can dress down.
我盼望过星期五，因为这一天可以随便着装。
He dressed down a little while at a very casual dinner.
他在非正式晚餐中穿着很随意。
6.Offices vary when it comes to dress codes.
—Different units have different dress requirements.
7.Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting...
—Some clothes are more suitable for evening wear than for business meetings.
8.A senior vice president has a more different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales assistant.
—The image of a senior vice president should not be the same as that of a secretary or sales assistant.
9.This is never more apparent than on“dress-down days”，when what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could.
—This“clothes to wear”attitude is more obvious on“casual wear day”，when your clothes are more telling about you than any business suit.
Related Background Information
Dress Etiquette（着装礼仪）
着装的“TPO”（Time、Place、Object的缩写）原则，其基本含义就是穿衣打扮要有章法，搞清楚时间、地点及目的。
（1）穿着整洁
保持穿着清洁，并熨烫平整，就能给人以衣冠楚楚、庄重大方的感觉。整洁并不完全为了自己，更是尊重他人，这是良好仪态的第一要素。
（2）着装要与身份、年龄相符
在社交场合，如果忽略自己的社会角色而着装不当，很容易造成别人对你的错误判断，甚至会引来误解。比如艺术家和作家，即使在正式场合着装也可以尽显自己的独特风格，在选择衬衫和领带的色彩上可以不拘一格，而官方人员出席某些正规场合，就应该穿得正式些，以示庄重。
（3）注意衣着与场合的协调
要顾及传统和习惯，尊重各国风俗。去教堂或寺庙等场所，不能穿过露或过短的服装，而听音乐会或看芭蕾舞，则应着正装。
Dressing in the Office（办公着装礼仪）
在办公室礼仪中需要做到“三美”，即个人美、环境美、行为美。
（1）女士着装要求
·套裙可以拆套穿，裙子的长度应在膝盖上下2.5cm处。
·春秋季节可以选择穿一些针织衫两件套，下面配裙子，或者也可以在连衣裙外加西装。
·可以选择牛仔，但面料必须相对精致。
·着装颜色不宜过于鲜艳。
·图案避免过于夸张、可爱、抽象。
·可以选有造型感的尖头、圆头、方头的鞋，但装饰性不要太强。
·饰品要求精致。
（2）男士商务着装三个原则
·三一原则
皮鞋、皮带、皮包颜色一致。
·三色原则
全身上下的颜色不超过三个色系，重在衬衫、领带和西装的搭配。
·三大禁忌原则
夹克不可以搭配领带、不能保留商标、不能穿尼龙袜子或者白色袜子。
Reading Comprehension
Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write“T”for True and“F”for False.
1.It doesn't matter that one is wearing unsuitable clothes in the office.（ ）
2.Dress codes are different in different companies.（ ）
3.In a business environment，one should dress suitably.（ ）
4.When we go to beach，we can wear shorts and a T—shirt.（ ）
5.It is a good way to decide one's environment and position from his attire.（ ）
6.We had better improve our taste for clothes when we buy some casual clothes.（ ）
7.There is no difference between one's career and social life.（ ）
8.Business casual doesn't include Jeans.（ ）
9.People should choose different attires on different occasions.（ ）
10.The maxim that clothes make the man and the woman sounds good.（ ）
