练习答案（Keys）
练习答案（Keys）
第一章 句子写作
第一节 句子的种类
Exercise
1.Try to find 4 types of sentences in the following passage.
Key：open
2.Combine or change the simple sentences into compound sentences or complex sentences.
（1）Jack gets into trouble.He never seems to lose.
Key：No matter what trouble Jack gets into，he never seems to lose.
（2）The digital age has begun to transform the way of our lives.
Key：The digital age has begun to transform the way we lead our lives.
（3）Payment organizations and businesses collect data about our shopping history.Buying habits and preferences are able to predict our needs in the future.
Key：Payment organizations and businesses，which collect data about our shopping history，buying habits and preferences are able to predict what we are going to need/buy in the future.
（4）During the course I had to come to realize that change.My world was expanding and new options were opening for me.My father was in his sixties.My father was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow.
Key：During the course I had to come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me，my father，who was in his sixties，was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow.
（5）These young adults are becoming world citizens.They are becoming aware of other groups in their own culture.They are becoming aware of people of other cultures.
Key：These young adults are becoming world citizens，are becoming aware not only of other groups in their own culture but also of people of other cultures.
3.Fill in he blanks with the words in the box below.
Key：
（1）Since this gadget doesn’t work，let’s try another.
（2）What a pity it is that you can’t stay for dinner！
（3）The problem is who we can get to take care of her.
（4）We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater.
（5）I have no idea when she will be back.
（6）I want to know how he has finished it.
（7）Leave the papers as they are.
（8）If one tries to comprehend Chinese history and culture，he must first comprehend Taoism and the Taoist religion.
（9）I sleep with the window open unless it’s really cold.
（10）Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.
4.Identify the errors in the underlined sentences and correct them.You can add a word when necessary.[1]
Key：
（1）numbers - quantities
（2）cover-covering
（3）Λboard-on或board-aboard
（4）and -but
（5）chemist-chemist’s
（6）.not-/
（7）one-he/he or she
（8）machineries - machines/ machinery
（9）.men -man 或 the （common men） -/
（10）horse-drawing -horse-drawn
第二节 句子的基本句型
Exercise
Translate the following sentences into English according to the basic sentence patterns.
1.她因给人类学领域做出的杰出贡献而获奖。
She received an award for her outstanding contribution to anthropology.（SVO）
2.今年是虎年，也是奥运年。
This Year of the Tiger is also an Olympic Year.（SVCs）
3.近年来，人们越来越关注工业的能源效率。
In recent years，there has been increased concern on energy efficiency of industries.
4.戒烟后，他变得肥胖易怒。
After giving up smoking，he became fat and irritable.
5.如果你不练习好的举重技术，你可能会伤到你的脖子或背部。
If you don’t practice good lift technique，you could injure your neck or back.
6.医生告诉我了何时接种疫苗。
The doctor told me when to get vaccinated。
7.国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫认为北京2022年冬季奥运会非常成功。
International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach considered Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games very successful.
8.勤奋使开启成功宝库的钥匙保持光亮。
Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement.
9.智慧使智者比一个城市的十个统治者更强大。
Wisdom makes the wise man stronger than ten rulers in a city.
10.我希望下周能抽出时间给你回信。
I hope to get around to answering your letter next week.
第三节 句子的扩展
Exercise 1.2.
Key：open
第四节 主谓一致
Exercise
Put the correct verb forms in the following sentences.
Key：
1.War and peace is a constant theme in history.
战争和和平是一个永恒的历史主题。
2.The family is the tiniest cell of the society.
家庭是社会最小的细胞。
3.Young is the most active and vital force in society.
青年是整个社会力量中最积极、最有生气的力量。
4.Looking back on a century of relentless change，China’s youth have never wavered in their determination to love the Party，the country and the people.
回首百年，无论风云变幻、沧海桑田，中国青年爱党、爱国、爱人民的赤诚追求始终未改。
5.Young Chinese have always played a vanguard role in the quest for national rejuvenation.
中国青年始终是实现中华民族伟大复兴的先锋力量。
6.No one except her own supporters agrees with her.
除了她自己的支持者，没有人赞同他。
7.The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.
人民大众完全有理由警惕职业欺骗。
8.April showers bring May flowers.
（谚）四月的大雨带来五月的繁花。
9.A poet and philosopher is a rare person in today’s society.
诗人和哲学家在当今社会是很少见的。
10.Law and order is a desirable feature for all modern societies.
法律与秩序是所有现代社会应具有的理想特征。
第五节 标点符号
Exercise
1.Punctuate the following sentences.
（1）In the symphony of success___，____ excuses are just noise.
（2）I didn’t really____...__ you know__...____mean for things to end up this way.
（3）There is a lot of talk about what will happen.But we know that “tomorrow__...___they will declare their verdict”.
（4）Everyone faces changes__；_____different ones at different times.
（5）“I like apples___，______oranges and bananas___._____”
（6）So what__？____ Failure can either become an obstacle and an excuse or it can become your teacher in what not to do.
（7）The sun illuminates only the eye of the man__，__but shines into the eye and the heart of the child.
（8）____”__Keep good company__，___and you shall be one of the number__，”_____ said George Herbert.“A man is known by the companion he keeps.”
（9）Dalton___，__the chemist___，___repudiated the notion of his being _“__a genius_，”___ attributing everything which he had accomplished to simple industry and accumulation.
（10）I waved my arms and shouted as loudly as possible.Help __！__ Help ___！___ I cried.Rescue me _____！___
（11）It was caused by conflict__，___extreme weather__，____and the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic.
（12）Eight elevation gradient meteorological stations have been set up on Mount Qomolangma __——____one of the main tasks in China’s new comprehensive scientific expedition on the world’s highest peak，at a height of 8，848.86 meters.
（13）Japan recently unveiled the world’s first Dual-Mode Vehicle ____（_DMV___）__ a contraption that runs both on roads，like a bus，and on rails，like a train.
（14）Covid-19__：______WHO chief optimistic disease will be beaten in 2022.
2.Punctuate the following passages.
Passage 1
If I were a boy again，I would practice perseverance more often，and never give up a thing because it was too hard or inconvenience.If we want light，we must conquer darkness.Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results.“There are only two creatures，” says a proverb，“who can surmount the pyramids— the eagle and the snail”.
Passage 2
Youth is not a time of life；it is a state of mind；it is not a matter of rosy cheeks，red lips and supple knees；it is a matter of the will，a quality of the imagination，a vigor of the emotions；it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
……
Whether sixty or sixteen，there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder，the unfailing child-like appetite of what’s next，and the joy of the game of living.
3.Punctuate the following dialogue.
Speaker A It’s very nice of you to invite me.
Speaker B I’m very glad you could come，Mr.Liu.Will you take a seat at the head of the table？It’s an informal dinner.please don’t stand on ceremony...Mr.Liu，would you like to have some chicken？
Speaker A Thank you.This is my first time to come to a Chinese restaurant.Could you tell me the different features of Chinese food？
Speaker B Generally speaking，Cantonese food is a bit light；Shanghai food is rather oily；and Hunan dishes are very spicy，having a strong and hot taste.
Speaker A Chinese dishes are exquisitely prepared，delicious and very palatable.They are very good in colour，flavour，and taste.
Speaker B Mr.liu，would you care for another helping？
Speaker A No more thank you.I’m quite full.
Speaker B Did you enjoy the meal？
Speaker A It’s the most delicious dinner I’ve had for a long time.It’s such a rich dinner.
Speaker B I’m so glad you like it.
Speaker A Thank you very much for your hospitality.
第六节 英语修辞
Exercise
Identify the rhetorical devices（修辞方法）in the following sentences.
1.As life is full of strife and conflict，we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties.（simile明喻）
2.The little boy spent a miserable merry Christmas.（oxymoron）
3.I turned to my neighbors for help.But their houses were cold，closed and unfriendly.（personification）
4.The operation may not succeed；it’s a gamble whether he lives or dies.（metaphor）
5.I remember being vaguely annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair.I remember the walk to the house.I remember the fear and anger in the gunman’s voice.（parallelism）
6.His dedication，determination and discipline impressed us deeply.（alliteration）
7.“Bang！Bang！” shouted the boys in imitation of gunfire.（onomatopoeia）
8.He has many mouths to feed in his family.（synecdoche）
9.Up the road came a sound of creaking axles，and then a slow cloud of dust，and
then a bull-cart bearing Ransic Bilbro and his wife.（inversion）
10.But his heart in torture was at peace，his bowels were glad.（Transferred epithet移就）
11.He worked his fingers to the bones.（hyperbole夸张）
12.Wine was thicker than blood to the Mondavi brothers，who feuded bitterly over control of the family business.（parody仿拟）
13.As I entered her room，I was hit by the heavy perfume and noisy colors（synesthesia通感）
14.He worked until he breathed his last.（委婉euphemism）
15.Her eyes were shining brightly，but her face lost its color within twenty seconds.（对比antithesis）
第七节 常见句子错误例析
一、词汇和语法方面
1.Identify one mistake in the underlined sentence and correct it.
Key：
We are thrilled to have mastered Go and thus achieved one of the grand challenges of AI.（1） However，the most significant aspect of all this for us is that AlphaGo isn’t just an “expert” system built with hand-crafted rules；（2） instead it uses general machine learning techniques to figure out for itself how to win at Go.（3） While games are the perfect platform for developing and testing AI algorithms quickly and efficiently，ultimately we want to apply these techniques to important real-world problems.（4） Because the methods we’ve used are general-purpose，（5）our hope is that one day they could be extended to help us address some（6）of society’s toughest and most pressing problems，from climate modeling to complex disease analysis.（7）We believe these techniques can accelerate scientific research.Scientists working alongside AI systems that can home in on areas of research are very likely to be fruitful.（8） The same techniques could even suggest a way forward that might point the human expert to a breakthrough.（9）We’re excited to see what we can use this technology to tackle next！（10）
2.Complete the passage with the words in brackets in the correct form.
Key：
Paper-cutting is a（1）_traditional_（tradition）Chinese folk art.In ancient China，paper-cuts made of red paper（2）_featuring_（feature）various auspicious designs were used on important festivals such as the Chinese New Year，the Dragon Boat Festival，the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Winter Solstice，as well as for weddings，childbirths and birthday parties.The paper-cuts were（3）_hung____（hang）on walls，doors and windows，or（4）—pasted—（paste）on dowries，betrothal gifts and birthday presents to add to the happy atmosphere.The earliest paper-cut（5）preserved （preserve）till today in China is an artifact made in the Northern Dynasties（386-581）（6） discovered （discover）in Xinjiang.In the Han（206BC～AD220）and Tang（618-907） dynasties，there was a fashion among common women to wear pieces of gold and silver foils and colorful fabrics（7__cut____（cut）out in the shapes of flowers and birds on their temples as（8）__- ornaments_______（ornament）.Later，as this fashion developed into a folk custom，during festivals people would cut（9）___colorful_____（color）paper into various designs of plants，animals or fictional characters and paste them on windows（called “window flowers”） or lintels（called “door labels）for（10）_decoration_____（decorate），or simply use them as gift ornaments or embroidery samples.
3.Select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
Key：
Oxford University once famously claimed to （1） have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century，but in fact，the University as we know it today began to take （2） shape in the 12th Century when English Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxford’s Abbeys and Priories，（3） which were by then already established centers of learning.
Today，39 independent，（4）self-governing colleges are related to the University in a type of federal system.（5）Each is governed by a Head of House and a number of Fellows，who are academics specializing in a wide variety of disciplines，most （6）of whom also hold University posts.
Across （7）both the Arts and the Sciences，Oxford research （8）consistently ranks top both nationally and internationally.As well as being in the forefront of scientific，medical and technological achievement，the University has strong links with research institutions and industrial concerns both in the United Kingdom and overseas.The University’s income from externally （9）funded research grants and contracts in 1996-7 totaled over £107 million.The University’s great age also allows its （10）teaching staff and research students to draw on a heritage of magnificent library and museum collections.
二、句子方面
（二）粘连句
Exercise
Correct the sentence fragments and run-on sentences in the following in different ways.
1.I am reading she is watching TV.
I am reading while she is watching TV.（right）
2.Mary’s apartment is on the second floor it consists of three bedrooms.
3.During the past five years musical artists like Sheryl Crow，Alanis Morisette have solidified a place for women’s music on the top ten charts.
4.Adolescence is the period of your life.In which you develop from being a child into being an adult.
Adolescence is the period of your life in which you develop from being a child into being an adult.（right）
5.We have had to raise our prices.Because of rising costs.
We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs.（right）
6.Communications are the systems and processes.Being used to communicate or broadcast information，especially by means of electricity or radio waves.
Communications are the systems and processes that are used to communicate or broadcast information，especially by means of electricity or radio waves.（right）
7.The coast road is closed.Due to bad weather.
The coast road is closed due to bad weather.（right）
8.When I get home.I like to collapse on the sofa and listen to music.
When I get home I like to collapse on the sofa and listen to music.（right）
9.You have to type in commands.Such as “help” and “print”.
You have to type in commands，such as “help” and “print”.（right）
10.Foreign students of Tsinghua University sent their best wishes for the university’s 111th anniversary.Which falls on April 24.
Foreign students of Tsinghua University sent their best wishes for the university’s 111th anniversary which falls on April 24.（right）
11.When children are regarded as vessels to be filled with factscreativity does not prospernor does it when teachers’ sole objective is coaching children towards exams.
When children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts，creativity does not prosper；nor does it when teachers’ sole objective is coaching children towards exams.（right）
12.As an integral part of learning it brings about positive changesmaking people develop and grow.However，it may do a lot of harm.
As an integral part of learning，imitation brings about positive changes，making people develop and grow.However，it may do a lot of harm.（right）
13.The telegraphthe telephoneand radio were the obvious predecessors of the InternetiPodsand mobile phones.
The telegraph，the telephone，and radio were the obvious predecessors of the-Internet，iPods，and mobile phones.（right）
14.Most of us have spent some time drawing before but at some point most of us stop drawing.
Most of us have spent some time drawing before，but at some point，most of us stop drawing.（right）
15.The problem comes.When everyone is using a navigation app.
The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app.（right）
（三）修饰语的错误使用
Identify the faulty modifiers in the following sentences and correct them.
1.The book is to be finished soon he bought yesterday.
改为：The book he bought yesterday is to be finished soon.
2.The house needs repairing，where he lives.
改为：The house where he lives needs repairing.
3.——Lying in the gutter，we saw a dead rat.
改为：We saw a dad at lying in the gutter.
4.——I saw an ant with glasses.
改为：With glasses，I saw an ant.
5.——John took a picture of the lake with Lily’s camera.
改为：With Lily’s camera，John took a picture of the lake.
6.——I only have five dollars.
改为：I have only five dollars./ I have five dollars only.
7.——Father brought a cold tin of beer back home yesterday.
改为：Father brought a tin of cold beer back home yesterday.
8.——Some people are diagnosed with a heart attack at birth.
改为：Some people with a heart attack are diagnosed at birth.
9.——We found a campground that afternoon that had a vacancy.
改为：We found a campground that had a vacancy that afternoon.
10.——He said yesterday morning the dance performance was a success.
改为：He said the dance performance yesterday morning was a success.
11.——I nearly climbed to the top of the mountain yesterday.
改为：I climbed nearly to the top of the mountain yesterday.
12.Analyze the “only” in different sentences and figure out its meaning.
——.Just John was picked to host the program.
——John was just picked to host the program.
——John was picked to host just the program.
改为：
——.Just John was picked to host the program.（Just means only John was picked，no one else.）
——John was just picked to host the program.（Just means that John was picked now.）
——John was picked to host just the program.（Just means that John hosted only the program，nothing else.）
（四）悬重修饰语
correct the following sentences with the dangling modifiers.
1.Walking in the field，a snake bit Tom in the heel.
改为：Walking in the field，Tom was bitten in the heel by a snake.
2.Sitting in the dentist’s chair，an idea suddenly occurred to me.
改为：Sitting in the dentist’s chair，I suddenly thought of an idea.
3.Being very hot，Tom decided to go to swim.
改为：It being very hot，Tom decided to go to swim.（改为独立主格结构）
4.From attending the meeting，the principles of physics were made clear.
改为：From us/our attending the meeting，the principles of physics were made clear.
5.Wondering where to go，an advertisement caught her eye.
改为：As she was wondering where to go，an advertisement caught her eye.
6.To do well in college，good grades are essential.
改为：To do well in college，a student needs good grades.
7.When only several years old，my mother took me to a dancing class.
改为：When I was only several years old，my mother took me to a dancing class.
8.Climbing up the hill，a temple came in sight.
改为：After we climbed up the hill，a temple came in sight.
9.At the age of six，my uncle bought my first pet，a goldfish.
改为：At the age of six，I received my first pet，a goldfish from my uncle.
/ When I was six，my uncle bought my first pet，a goldfish.
10.While watching the football match on TV，the power went out suddenly.
改为：While I was watching the football match on TV，the power went out suddenly.
第二章 段落写作
第一节 段落的构成
一、主题句
Exercise
1.Write a topic sentence based on each topic in the following.
（1）Travelling （Key：Travelling is more important than reading books in order to understand the people and the world.）
（2）University life （Key：University life presents the student with several invaluable opportunities.）
（3）Living in big cities （Key：Living in big cities has more advantages than living in small towns or the countryside.）
（4）Nuclear energy （Key：Nuclear energy can be used to produce electricity in our daily life for several reasons.）
（5）TV （Key：Television has helped improve standards of education for a number of reasons.）
（6）Playing a game （Key：Playing a game is fun only when you win.）
（7）Friends（Key：Contact with different friends gives a person a broad outlook to life.）
（8）School activities（Key：A variety of school activities help to make a rounded personality.）
（9）Growing up in a large family （Key：9.Growing up in a large family，with several brothers and sisters，offers more advantages than disadvantages.）
（10）Family （Key：The family is the most important influence on young adults.）
2.Try to find the topic sentence in the following paragraph.
（1）Answer：The second sentence is the topic sentence，that is “He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most others”.
（2）Answer：The first sentence is a topic sentence.Religion explores human life，as well as the natural and supernatural realms of existence.
（3）Answer：no topic sentence，but based on the paragraph above，the topic sentence is that many people enjoy eating out.
（4）When a camera flash is used in a low-light environment，the subject’s eyes may appear red in the finished photograph.What is known as "red-eye" is the result of light from the flash reflecting off the pupils of the eyes.The phenomenon of red-eye can be lessened by using the red-eye reduction feature found on many SLR cameras.This feature activates a lamp which shines a small light directly into the subject’s eyes.When this happens，the diameter of the pupil is reduced，thus tightening the opening in the iris.Since a smaller pupil means a smaller host for the reflection，the chances of red-eye occurring are greatly
reduced.
Key：In the above paragraph，the topic sentence is The phenomenon of red-eye can be lessened by using the red-eye reduction feature found on many SLR cameras.It serves to connect information about the cause of red-eye （found at the beginning of the paragraph） with information about how the problem can be alleviated （found after the topic sentence）.
3.Write the topic sentence according to the paragraph.
（1）key：Nagat is proud and independent.One day，...
（2）key：Albert could condense the essence of his thoughts so anyone could understand.For instance，his theories of...
（3）key：It was in Newton’s case，as in every other，only by diligent application and perseverance that his great reputation was achieved.
（4）key：The urban automobile has a lot of damages.
二、结论句
Exercise
1.Read the following paragraphs.Then choose the best concluding sentence for it.
Passage 1
key：c.In short，I like big cities because of their energy and anonymity.
Passage 2
key：a.We have really hard work after living in the property for the first time.
Passage 3
key：a.We are steadily learning to be more diligent with our power usage.
Passage 4.
key：b.I’ve learned that making a decision means taking the responsibility for its consequences.
Passage 5
key：c.From this passage，we can know a hacker aims at doing good to the society while a cracker has ill intentions.
2.Write the concluding sentence according to the passage.
Passage 1
Reference answer：I was totally a person with noes in my life.
Passage 2
Reference answer：Different countries have different drinking etiquettes.
Passage 3
Reference answer：This is what shopping bag-ladies like in her life.
Passage 4
Reference answer：This is what my student，Vicky is like in my eyes.
Passage 5
Reference answer：Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty，noisy and full of cars.
Passage6
Reference answer：Any of these careers would be a reasonable match for my personality type.
第二节 段落的发展
一、描述法
Exercise
1.Describe your university according the sample “The University of Colorado Boulder”.
Reference answer：
The Communication University of China is located in the eastern part of Beijing near the ancient canal.The subway 1，which connects the suburb and city center，is visible from the southern campus.The climate is distinctive in four seasons，with summer full of green trees，winter covered with snow，spring blooming flowers and autumn harvesting fruits of walnuts，persimmons and ginkgo biloba.The area enjoys different scenery for students to shoot pictures as their homework each year.The campus covers about 500，000 square meters of land and includes tall buildings，Chinese style pavilions，and small lakes with golden fish and lotus.（from a student）
2～5
key：open
五、比较与对比
1.Write a paragraph about the garbage classification in China.
Reference answer：
The new garbage sorting regulations will take effect in Shanghai starting July 1..The Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau provides a definition on the four kinds of waste：recyclable waste，hazardous waste，household food waste and residual waste.Hazardous waste includes assorted poisonous materials like used batteries，light bulbs，expired medicines，paint，mercury thermometers and pesticides.Household food waste，also called‘wet trash’，refers to food leftovers，rotten food，pet food，fruit peels，remains of TCM herbs and flowers.Paper，plastic，glass，metal and textiles are counted as recyclable waste.Residual waste is anything that is not listed above belongs in this category.So when you throw your waste，keep in mind this classification and put it into its gabage can.
2.Choose one of the topics and write a compare and contrast paragraph.
●Coffee or tea
●Classical vs.pop music
●Playing inside or outside
●Two famous historical leaders
●E-mail vs.usual post
●Buying things online or shopping at malls
●Teachers vs.your parents
●Covid-19 compared to flu
Topic：Covid-19 compared to flu
Reference answer：
COVID-19 and the flu are both contagious respiratory diseases caused by viruses.They have some common symptoms.They include fever，cough，fever，shortness of breath or difficulty breathing，tiredness，sore throat，runny or stuffy nose，muscle aches，headache，nausea or vomiting，which is more common in children than in adults.If you have the symptoms above，go to see a doctor.
3.Identify which one is point -by-point style and which one is block style.
Passage 1
此段落是对大众传媒电视和报纸在广告传播上的优势与不足进行说明。先说电视，然后说报纸，通过对二者的陈述与比较，清晰地告知读者二者的特点及优势，用的是整体形式（block style）的比较。
Passage 2
是point -by-point style。是对报纸和电视的不同的说明。
六、因果法
Exercise
1.Observe the following sentences and make an analysis of how the sentences are connected.
（1）She made one big mistake，as a result，she lost her job.（后结果）
（2）Mary studied hard for the chemistry exam.Therefore，she got an A+.（后结果）
（3）It rained heavily，consequently the football game was called off.（后结果）
（4）He didn’t complain to the police，accordingly the police took no action.（后结果）
（5）My father hasn’t slept in 4 days due to his illness.（先结果）
（6）Since it was chilly outside，Benjamin built a big fire in his fireplace.（先原因）
（7）We went to the grocery store because we needed sour cream，eggs，and milk.（后原因）
（8）Old people often try to economize on heating，thus endangering their health.（后结果）
（9）After several long delays，the plane finally left at 6 o’clock.（后结果）
（10）All price controls lead to shortages.（后结果）
2.Identify the types of cause and effect paragraph.
Passage 1
The city of Midvale experienced a severe wildfire last summer.Experts traced the outbreak to a dry patch of forest.In this area，a buildup of twigs and branches provided fuel for the wildfire.During the last few years，Midvale has suffered extreme drought conditions.City officials blamed climate change for the decreasing rainfall.
Key：先结果，后原因。
Passage 2
Most people think that life at present is much easier and more comfortable than ever before.Convenience food from the market simplify cooking.Ready made dress make people appear in high spirits.Electric appliances have taken the drudgery out of housework.Released from these household chores，people have more time for entertainment.So they enjoy life at present now.
Key：先结果，后原因。为什么现在的生活舒适、便捷？原因是多样的。
3.Choose one of them in the following and write a cause and effect paragraph.
Key：open
4.Choose one of them in the following and write a paragraph of effects.
Key：open
七、论证法
Exercise
1.Study the following passage and see whether the passage is organized inductively or deductively.
在此段落里，作者运用了疑问句的方式引出话题，吸引读者，给读者以思考的空间，进而回答是媒介在起作用，促使人们追逐潮流。为进一步说明媒介的作用，作者分析了媒介的产生和发展，有力地佐证了该段落的主题。作者采用演绎的方法，通过具体事实加以说明和推理论证。
2.Write a reductive paragraph and an inductive paragraph.
Reference answer：
Reductive paragraph
Different people use the internet for different purposes.Some people use the internet to get their news information.They want to know more about the local news.Some people use the internet to learn more knowledge in order to increase their knowledge.Some people use the internet to make friends，and chatting with online friends makes them more relaxed.
Inductive Paragraph
Oceans have ingredients which can benefit human health.Several important medical treatments are based on chemicals discovered in marine animals.On the other hand.Increasingly common phenomena such as harmful algal blooms have demonstrated their negative impact on human health.The health of marine ecosystems is affected by human activities such as pollution，global warming.and over fishing.But at the same time，human health depends on thriving ocean ecosystems.We need a better understanding of the many ways marine organisms affect human health，both positively by providing drugs and bio-products，and negatively by causing human ailments.
八、图表数据法
Exercise
1.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
（1）One of the biggest American lenders，Wells Fargo，has just reported that its profits dropped by 99% in the first quarter compared with a year earlier.
美国最大的银行之一富国银行（Wells Fargo）在报告中指出，第一季度的利润与去年同期相比下降了99%。
（2）Assuming that COVID-19 and restrictions on daily life peak in the second quarter，the fund thinks global GDP will shrink by 3% this year，although advanced economies are expected to contract by an average 6.1%.
假设新冠疫情以及对日常生活的限制在第二季度达到顶峰，国际货币基金组织认为，尽管预测中发达国家的经济将整体缩小6.1%，今年全球经济也将萎缩3%。.
（3）The population is increasing at about 6% per year.
人口以每年约6%的速度增加。
（4）The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210降到160人。
（5）According to the Ministry of Education 4.57 million people signed up for the exam this year up by 21 percent from last year.
据教育部称今年有457万人报名参加考试，比去年增加了21%。
（6）Emerging as one of the markets that underwent a strong rebound10 in 2021，China’s commercial real estate sector saw its transaction volume reach $39 billion，up 21 percent year-on-year，said a report published by JLL，a global real estate service and investment management firm.
全球地产服务与投资管理机构仲量联行发布报告称，2021年，中国大陆商业地产投资市场表现良好，零售地产交易量达390亿美元，同比攀升21%。
（7）By category，investment in offices took the lion’s share in the commercial property market，accounting11 for 37 percent of total transaction volume.Logistics transactions grew significantly to 38 billion yuan in 2020，from 16.9 billion yuan in 2019，and jumped to 59.1 billion yuan in 2021.Large-scale portfolio12 transactions boosted retail investments，and alternative transactions hit a record high，the report added.
报告指出，按类别来看，全年办公楼资产的投资额仍占首位，占总成交量的37%；物流资产成交量涨幅明显，从2019年的169亿迅速增长到了2020年的380亿，并在2021年迅速攀升至591亿；零售资产中大规模资产包的收购抬高了总体成交量；另类资产的投资金额也在2021年创下了新高。[2]
2.根据下面的图，写一段文字。
提示：以下图表表示的是人们对不同水果派的喜爱程度。苹果派所占比例最大，表示人们最喜欢它。
Reference answer：
The flavor and taste as well as cultural background could account for people’s preference for different fruits.Apple pie is the most popular，making up 36%.
Pumpkin pie takes the second place，making up 30%.The most unpopular fruit pie goes to coconut cream，only 3% of the total people like it.Then pecan pie，maybe a little oily，is the last but one，accounting for 8%.Nearly a quarter of people like cherry pie for its sweetness and juice.
九、引证法
Exercise
Choose one of the following proverbs to write a paragraph.
“Practice makes perfect”
The well known proverb “Practice makes perfect” means that when we set about a difficult task or begin to learn something new，we need to practice constantly.Getting familiar with something is merely the first step.Only through constant practice can we get to know how each part is related and only in this way can we become skilled in doing the work and in the end have a better command of it.
——a student
“A friend in need is a friend indeed”
I would like to make friends with others.I know that “A friend in need is a friend indeed”.No matter when and where，I believe I have a friend like this.However，I always remember the thing that happened when I was eight years old.[3]
“Honesty is the best policy”
Honesty is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation since ancient times we are taught to be a honest person from our childhood.Honesty is the best policy.[4]
“Laughter is the best medicine”.
As the pace of life quickens and the pressure from our work increases，some people say that we are becoming more gloomy and unhappy with each passing day.They believe that，in fact，we are losing our ability to laugh.they also hold that if we laugh more often we will feel happier and be more healthy because “laughter is the best medicine”.
——a student
“Appearances Are Deceptive”
Appearances are deceptive.Customers are often attracted by some beautifully decorated goods in a shop.But when they take the goods home，they find they have been fooled.Some merchants tend to take advantage of the credulous mentality of the customers，and so they often utilize the most beautiful words in their advertisements to tempt customers to purchase their foods of poor quality.
“All that glitters is not gold”
Therefore，we should know “All that glitters is not gold” and not be too keen to trust appearances.Before taking actions，we need to think carefully and make some inquiries.We should look at things from different points of view in order to arrive at a truer perspective.Keep in mind：“Never trust appearances.” Then and only then can we truly avoid being fooled.
——优秀六级作文
十、综合法
Exercise
1.Study the following passages and figure out the devises it use to develop them.
Passage 1
With easy access，an interactive online learning community and the advantages of free education，people can earn credits by taking the best courses taught by the best professors around the world.Thus，MOOCs are about to trigger （引发）a revolution in higher education by making classes at top universities available to all.College classes are no longer restricted to a small group of elite students；anyone who is interested in a specific field may be able to earn a college degree.Online education via MOOCs is a revolutionary trend in higher education and may eventually replace traditional college classroom teaching.
Key：定义法，举例法，数据法，因果法，因果法（一因多果），论证法
Passage 2
The negative consequences of technology addiction can be illustrated from two aspects.For one thing，being indulged in technological gadgets is detrimental to students’ academic performance.For example，many university students stay up all night to play video games and thus feel drowsy and distracted in class.In addition，many psychological researchers found that the excessive use of technological devices can have an adverse effect on individuals’ mental well-being and interpersonal relationship.For instance，modern people，especially youngsters，are reluctant to interact face to face with their friends and families because of the indulgence in online social media platforms or computer games.[5]
Key：因果法，演绎法，分类法，例证法
2.Please write a paragraph with several methods combined for paragraph development，according the following the chart.
Reference answer：
The column chart illustrates the phenomenon that people in mounting numbers prefer to purchase goods online delivered by the expressage which ascends impressively both in total and the rural.Three reasons，in my belief，can account for this trend.First and foremost，with the acceleration of the society and economy enormously boosting people’s livelihood，the dramatic increase of expressage has inevitably turned out to be a prevailing trend.Moreover，the fast pace of modern life and the fierce competition of society result in people’s gradually changed values，leading more and more people tend to put much emphasis on their convenience in order to save time and energy.Furthermore，relevant policies issued by the authorities and government advance the development of the China’s expressage，especially in the rural
areas.
第三节 段落写作的基本原则
一、完整性
二、一致性
Exercise
1.Find and cross out the supporting sentences irrelevant to the main idea in the paragraph.
Passage 1
I like a VR headset best for several reasons.First of all，the VR headset has ability to bring us to wherever we want to go.Although the transportation is very convenient for us to arrive at，we have to spend too much time on the journey to the destination.If you use VR headset，you can go anywhere immediately.What’s more，the screen and view it shows is real and vivid.It’s like you’re there，experiencing the wonderful feelings，enjoying the beautiful moments and falling into the happiness and wellbeing.It will be too real to forget you are just using a technology.The movie theater we went to brings us the real things sometimes，the vivid actors and actresses play the roles in our daily life，which makes us think about ourselves and people around us.All in all，the VR headset is my favorite.
Key：the sentences like “The movie theater we went to brings us the real things sometimes，the vivid actors and actresses play the roles in our daily life，which makes us think about ourselves and people around us.” should be cancelled.
Passage 2
I have seen a few uncivilized behaviors while traveling abroad.The first thing is that tourists’ scribbling on the places of interest outside，which causes damage to cultural relics.The second thing is that tourists’ spitting on the road they passed along when they felt it is not good to them.So the road should be cleaned as quickly as possible.The third thing is that scribbling violates local laws.If there is a child next to it，it is likely to cause an incorrect guide.So we have to set the right values.At the same time，we must implement the code of conduct of civilization into our own behavior.Because if you go abroad，your shame is not an individual，but the face of the country，others will not say how you are.He’ll say，what’s the quality of your country？
Key：“So the road should be cleaned as quickly as possible” should be cancelled because it is not uncivilized behaviors.
Passage 3
Once we spent our holiday at the seaside.When we arrived at the seaside，the weather was fine and everything around us was beautiful.The sea was all blue with seagulls hovering to and fro.Some boats were floating on the still sea and some speed boats were rushing quickly across the water.
We all enjoyed a pleasant time.Most of us swam in the sea.We played，fought and splashed water onto one another.Having swum for a while，we went to the shore and bathed in the sun on the sand ground.Some went boating.They sang as they boated.The others played games at the shore.Mother and I went to town and bought a lot of things.
We all spent the time happily.When it was time to go back，we were all reluctant to leave.We were freshened by the sea wind and fascinated by the scenery.The bath in the sea made us healthy and comfortable.I should say a holiday at a seaside is really enjoyable and profitable.
Key：这一句“Mother and I went to town and bought a lot of things.”应删除，因为第一段第一句话就说了“Once we spent our holiday at the seaside.” 我们去的是海边。
2.Compare the two paragraphs and figure out the difference between them.
Passage 1
Blindly worshipping the stars can be dangerous.First of all，celebrities tend to live by different rules to everyone else.If you were to adapt their unhealthy lifestyle，you would most certainly have to pay the consequences.Secondly，celebrities are often seen in expensive clothing，cars，and homes that most people can not afford.These expensive things are what you dreamed of.Day and night you missed them.In addition，photographs that you see of celebrities are often touched up to make them look more perfect than they really are.
Passage 2
Blindly worshipping the stars can be dangerous.First of all，celebrities tend to live by different rules to everyone else.If you were to adapt their unhealthy lifestyle，you would most certainly have to pay the consequences.Secondly，celebrities are often seen in expensive clothing，cars，and homes that most people can not afford.These expensive things are what you dreamed of.Day and night you missed them.In addition，photographs that you see of celebrities are often touched up to make them look more perfect than they really are.
Key：There are two sentences irrelevant to the topic in Passage 2.They are “These expensive things are what you dreamed of.Day and night you missed them”.
三、连贯性
（一）语法手段
Exercise
1.Please analyze and identify the transition devices used in the following paragraph.
Key：open
2.Fill in the blanks with transitional words.
Passage 1
There are several ways I can refer to the eating habits of some of my friends in Canada and in Brazil.Based on my observations，Canadians love meat and potatoes；however，Brazilians prefer rice and beans.Unlike Americans who favour apple pie for dessert，both Canadians and Brazilians seem to prefer crème brulee and crème caramel.In sum，these are some of the many ways l can state some differences and similarities of the eating habits of some of my friends from Brazil and from Canada.
Passage 2
My hometown and my college town have several things in common.First，both are small rural communities.For example，my hometown Gridlock.has a population of only about 10.000 people.Similarly，my college town Subnormal.consists of about11.000 local residents.This population swells to 15，000 people when the college students are attending classes.A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas.Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans.In the same way，Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle...
（二）词汇手段 信息结构 句式的多样性
1.Study the following passages and clarify how the paragraphs achieve coherence.
Passage 1
Key：open
passage 2
Although most people know that the success of a television show is measured by its ratings（排行榜），few know exactly how shows are rated.First，a rating company installs meters（测量仪器）in a few thousand representative homes in a particular area.When the television set in one of these homes is turned on，the meter records the day，time，and the channel.The meter then electronically sends this information to the rating company’s headquarters.A computer at the headquarters tallies （计算）all of the information from all the homes in the area.Finally，the computer prints a rating sheet that shows how many homes watched each show and which shows are the most popular.
Key：repeat the important words in the previous sentences
passage 3
Key：open
2.Arrange sentences in a clear order.
Passage 1
As winter set in，the people begin to pay attention to them-to harvest them.All the trees are cut to the roots and the thick trunks and branches can be manufactured into the handles of agricultural tools，such as picks and shovels or a be used as the building materials.The thinner and more slender ones can be used to weave various baskets，summer caps and other interesting handicraft articles.All the branches and twigs left over can be used as fuel.The second part d he harvest is to dig up some of the roots in areas where they are densely clustered.The roots dug are also very good material for fuel.The harvest anything it encompasses are a necessity of life for the local people.
Passage 2
Many patients who don’t want to tell their doctor how much they really drink are often more honest with a computer.The computer used for this purpose is programmed to be friendly.For example，if a patient called Ann says that both her parents are dead，the computer will say：“I’m sorry to hear that，Ann.” Besides expressing sympathy，the computer can also remind and question.If a patient says he never drinks alcohol，the computer can ask him：“Never？Not even at parties or at Christmas？” Does this direct contact between the patient and the computer mean that we do not need doctors any more？
1t depends！Computers are useful because they do not look shocked if you say you drink two bottles of whisky a day.And they do not stop to talk on the phone as doctors often do.
But as a doctor said：“We smile and we give a patient a handkerchief or put an arm around her shoulder if she is crying.That is why people will always want us.”[6]
第三章 短文写作
第一节 短文结构
一、引言段的写法
Exercise
1.Group work：Hold a group discussion about the introductory paragraphs below.
Key：open
2.Write introductory paragraphs based on the title below.
Key：open
二、正文（发展段）
Exercise
1.Make an analysis of the development of the body part in the essay below.
Key：open
2.Group work：Hold a group discussion about Are parents the best teachers？ Make a topic outline according to the thesis statement and conclusion.
Body paragraph：______________________________
Thesis statement：It is not completely true to say that parents are the best teachers.
Conclusion：In a word，it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers.
3.Group work：Hold a group discussion about Why people visit museums？Make a topic outline according to the thesis statement and conclusion.
Thesis statement：For a total outsider with only a short amount of time，museums offer a glimpse into these ways of life through specially designed education，cultural insights，and entertainment.
Conclusion：Museums are not only spaces for education and culture，but have also become important entertainment and social venues.[7]
Key：open
三、结尾段的写作合法
Exercise
Write a conclusion in each passage.
Passage 1
In conclusion，the speed and low cost of international jet travel have changed the world.Individual nations are not as isolated as they were in the past，and people now think of the whole planet as they once thought of their own hometowns.
Passage 2
In conclusion，the problems created by pollution are growing daily.Because people do not want to change their lifestyles，we must invent a way to neutralize the pollutants we are putting into our environment.People need to be edu- cated so they will stop damaging the planet.Furthermore，governments must take action to prevent individuals and com- panies from harming their environment.
Passage 3
In conclusion，these changes have been very beneficial.The two sexes are able to understand each other better and，therefore，help each other as a team.However，as with all change，there are conflicts.Some men resent the intrusion of women into their domain，and some women resent being forced out of their homemaking role.But it is with the raising of new generations accustomed to these roles that these conflicts will eventually smooth themselves out for the benefit of all.
第二节 短文写作步骤
Exercise
1.Write an outline based on the essays.
Key：open
2.Write an essay based on the outline.
Key：open
3.Write an outline based on the essay below.
Key：open
第三节 短文的类型
一、记叙文
Exercise
1.Write an essay about your experience in a new place.
Key：open
2.Write an essay on Campus Life.
Reference：
As the radio station begins to broadcast at 6 a.m.，I get up.I slip on 穿上my jacket，leave the room and run to the playground to do morning exercise.Back at 6：30 I tidy the dormitory with my roommates while listening to the morning news.After breakfast I read English as most of my classmates do since there is still some time to go before classes.
I have classes the whole morning，physics in the first two periods，and English in the second two periods.I always try to follow the lectures and busy myself with taking notes.We are not dismissed until 11：30.
In the afternoon at about 1：30，I go to the laboratory to do some experiments.Afterwards，I go to see my tutor to get some advice about my study.At 3：30 I participate in a football match.We always get thrilled to play it.One and a half hours later，we finish the match exhausted but excited.
From 7：00 to 9：30 in the evening I stay in the library reading newspapers and some reference books.Having had a shower，I seat myself to keep a diary in English and write to my family or friends，telling them everything here is going well.
The light turns off automatically at 10：30 p.m.marking the end of one of my university days.This is the way my campus life goes.
二、描写文
Exercise
1.Write a descriptive essay on a Campus Life.
Reference answer：
The warm sun-light，accompanied by the gentle wind，touches every student on the campus，making them feel at ease.After a week’s intensive study，the campus assumes a sense of relaxation and tranquility on a Sunday morning.
The garden alive with green woods and colourful flowers is an attractive place on the campus.Nearby a statue in the garden stands a girl in a beautiful white dress.She is absorbed in an interesting book.Not far from her a boy sits on a bench and is listening attentively to an English program，his hand holding a radio set，his eyes sparkling with interest.Along the road to the park，several students are heard reading English.Beside the road，two youths are playing badminton happy and gay.Groups of boys and girls can be seen walking down the road towards the campus entrance.Some of them carrying books with them are going to study in their classrooms；others dressed neatly seem to have fun outside the campus.
Beyond the park stand high and modern residence buildings.In the dormitory，some students are talking about the campus news，or discussing some problems in their study，while others are tidying up their rooms or doing some washing.Through the window，looking up above the sky，it appears clear and blue.Occasionally，some birds fly over the buildings and head for the trees in the distance.
Students feel so much relaxation and calmness at weekends that they become well attached to the lovely campus life.[8]
2.Write a descriptive essay on a person whom you are so familiar with，or who left a deep impression on you.
Key：open
3.Write a descriptive essay on an exhibition，a flower show，a museum，etc.
Key：open
4.Write a descriptive essay on a scene.It may be a （birthday） party，a celebration，a wedding，a demonstration，an accident，etc.
Reference answer：
The Quiet Summer Scene
Standing on the back porch of the old farm house，I could again enjoy the quiet summer scene of my hometown that I had recalled so often while I was in the university.
In front of me was the large hay barn surrounded by calves lying on the ground and switching their tails every now and then to wave away the slow-moving flies.To my left I saw the tall stalks of the dark green corn motionless in the noonday sun.They appeared to be resting as the earlier light breeze had completely disappeared.To my near right was the big dairy barn，quiet now as though it were pausing before the afternoon milking began.Even the bees and the butterflies that were checking out the red and pink roses in front of the dairy seemed to be moving slowly in response to the noon heat.Behind the dairy barn and farther to my right lay the still waters of the stock pond.Reflecting the bright sunlight was its only pretense at activity.Beyond the pond and the hay barn I saw the gently rolling hills of the lush green pastures.On the hills were large black and white milch cows.Some were grazing，but most were lying under the shade trees to escape the noonday heat.
I felt a warm glow deep inside as I looked again at this peaceful scene that I had carried in my mind’s eye for the last several years.
三、说明文
四、议论文
Exercise
1.Write an essay on the topic Do you like a large shopping center being built in your neighborhood？ You are required to write about 200 words.
While the proponents of the plan to build a large shopping center in my community believe that it will aid economic development，I think that it will possibly do irreparable harm to our neighborhood.The proposed shopping center will damage existing businesses.provide inferior products，and destroy the environment of our peaceful community.
Research indicates that companies with less than 50 workers employ more people and generate more revenue as a percentage of a nation’s GDP than large-scale corporations.This is true America，where small businesses are considered the engine of the economy，as it is in our community where many people own and operate small shops.Large stores can buy large quantities of goods at wholesale prices.While local grocery.that cannot buy products in bulk，will be unable to compete.Once the competition is gone，the large store can raise its prices and lower its employee’s wages.This classic example of exploitative monopoly capitalism impoverishes a community while enriching a small number of people.
The goods sold at the shopping center would be mass produced and necessarily of inferior quality to the handcrafted local goods and freshly grown local produce.Cheap products like plastic furniture would lack the character and local flavor of traditional wooden furniture made right here our town.Cheaply mass-produced food，laden with pesticides and chemical preservatives，would crow out the healthier，fresher，and tastier local produce on the shelves of the large shopping center.Lov prices from the large store might tempt local consumers to eat less healthy food，endangering the health of local people as well as harming the incomes of local farmers and shopkeepers
Lastly，I must point out that a large shopping center might bring unwelcome development to our small community.Ugly and noisy roads and parking lots would need to be constructed.The volume of people wanting to buy things at the new shopping center would worsen the traffic situation，which is already bad.Pollution from cars and trucks already has a notably degrading effect on the local air-quality and this is also bound to become worse as the traffic to and from the shopping center increases.
2.Write an essay on the topic Attending classes：required or optional？ You are required to write about 200 words.
The most important responsibility of college students is to pursue their course of study to the best of their ability.In most cases，this would mean attending every class.In reality.however，a every student is the same，and not every class is the same.lf a student can study more effectively in another way，then that student should be allowed to pursue his/her studies to the best of hist abilities，and not be required to attend classes that are not helpful to him/her.
Some students find it difficult to concentrate in large lecture classes and find reading quietly s more effective way of studying.If a student can achieve more by reading in the library and meting with a professor during office hours than students who attend every class，he/she should not be prevented from studying in the most effective way for him/her.
The most important measures of a college student’s academic progress are tests.In the weeks before exams，college student’s need to arrange their own schedules becomes critical.For instance if a student is very good at math but very poor at English，it might make more sense for that student to skip math class and spend the extra time preparing for an English test.If students are required t attend classes whose content they are already familiar with，at best they will be bored by redundant material，at worst they will fail tests in subjects they are less proficient in.
The argument might be made that it is the school’s responsibility to organize its curriculum so that students are always challenged and therefore truly need to be at every class.I contend that it is impossible to tailor an entire school’s curriculum to the individual needs of every single student The best that can be hoped for is a well thought out curriculum with enough flexibility to handle the differences between individual students.Schools should trust the students to make choices that re in their own best interests，and use testing as the final arbiter of academic excellence.[9]
3.What causes obesity & overweight？
What causes obesity & overweight？
Several factors can play a role in gaining and retaining excess weight.These include diet，lack of exercise，environmental factors，and genetics.Some of these factors are discussed briefly in the following section.The National Heart，Lung，and Blood Institute offers more information on the causes of overweight and obesity.
Food and Activity
People gain weight when they eat more calories than they burn through activity.This imbalance is the greatest contributor to weight gain.
Environment
The world around us influences our ability to maintain a healthy weight.For example：
Not having area parks，sidewalks，and affordable gyms makes it hard for people to be physically active.
Oversized food portions increase Americans’ calorie intake，making even more physical activity necessary to maintain a healthy weight.
Some people don’t have access to supermarkets that sell affordable healthy foods，such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Food advertising encourages people to buy unhealthy foods，such as high-fat snacks and sugary drinks.
Genetics
Research shows that genetics plays a role in obesity.Genes can directly cause obesity in such disorders as Prader-Willi syndrome.
Genes also may contribute to a person’s susceptibility to weight gain.Scientists believe that genes may increase a person’s likelihood of having obesity but that outside factors，such as an abundant food supply or little physical activity，also may be required for a person to have excess weight.
Health Conditions and Medications
Some hormone problems may cause overweight and obesity，such as underactive thyroid，Cushing syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Certain medicines also may cause weight gain，including some corticosteroids，antidepressants，and seizure medicines.
Stress，Emotional Factors，and Poor Sleep
Some people eat more than usual when they are bored，angry，upset，or stressed.
Studies also have found that the less people sleep，the more likely they are to have overweight or obesity.This is partly because hormones that are released during sleep help control appetite and the body’s use of energy.[10]
4.Write an expository essay on How to make a reservation on Airbnb.
Founded in 2008，Airbnb is a website that allows people to rent out their rooms，apartments，and houses to others looking for a place to stay.
If you want to find a place to stay through Airbnb，you must first of all visit www.airbnb.com to fill out your profile（简介）.Having a detailed profile is what will make you attractive to hosts.
Remember to verify your ID as well.
Next，you put down your destination，preferred dates，and the site will show you all available choices.You can select an entire house/apartment，a private room or a shared room.
From there，select your price range and the map.Filter for amenities（便利设施）if you like.For example，is there Wifi？Air-conditioning？Parking？
Then check the bed situation.The profile will tell you whether the bed is an actual bed or something else，like a pull-out sofa.
What follows is to check your host’s profile and reviews.Do they seem like a person from whom you’d want to rent？Have they been verified by Airbnb？Are their reviews positive？
You also need to check the cancellation（取消预订）policy.Airbnb has cancellation policies ranging from “flexible” to “superstrict” —on flexible，you can get a full refund（退款）up to 24 hours in advance；on strict，you can only get 50% refund up to seven nights in advance.
Now it’s time to send your Reservation Request.Your host has 24 hours to accept or refuse it.your host accepts，your credit card will be charged.
From there，you and your host can arrange a time to meet on site.[11]
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