6.3.2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
As men age，the prostate gland commonly enlarges，a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）.In BPH，the cells of the prostate proliferate and the urethra is narrowed by the enlarging prostate and urine outflow becomes restricted，leading to a number of lower urinary tract symptoms，such as urinary retention，infection，urinary frequency，urinary urgency，nocturia，hesitancy，weak or poor stream，and a sense that the bladder has not emptied completely.By age 60，approximately 40 percent of men have some degree of BPH.
BPH is diagnosed by digital rectal exam，medical tests（such as urinalysis，cystoscopy or a prostate-specific antigen blood test）or imaging studies.
Treatments for BPH attempt to relieve the pressure on the urethra so that urine can flow more normally.Drugs that interfere with testosterone activity in the prostate may slow progress of the disorder.An herbal remedy that seems to act in this same manner is an extract of the berries of the saw palmetto，a low-growing palm tree.Saw palmetto has been found to delay the need for surgery in some cases of BPH.In advanced cases of BPH，removal of the prostate，or prostatectomy，may be required.When this is performed through the urethra，the procedure is called a transurethral resection of the prostate（TURP）（Fig.6-3）.The prostate may also be cut in a transurethral incision of the prostate（TUIP）to reduce pressure on the urethra.
Fig.6-3 Transurethral Resection of the Prostate（TURP）
（240 words）(https://www.daowen.com)
Task 4 Decide whether the following statements are true（T）or false（F）according to the text.
1.Benign prostatic hyperplasia，also called prostate gland enlargement，is a common condition as men get older.（ ）
2.An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms，such as blocking the outflow of urine from the bladder.（ ）
3.In the initial stage of BPH，removal of the prostate，or prostatectomy，may be recommended.（ ）
4.BPH could be controlled by the drugs that interfere with testosterone activity in the prostate.（ ）
5.To increase pressure on the urethra，the prostate may also be cut in a transurethral prostatectomy.（ ）