8.3.5　Hypogonadism and Hypergonadism

The term“hypogonadism”designates a deficiency in ovary or testicular function.In women，hypogonadism manifests in three forms：primary hypogonadism，central hypogonadism，and menopause.Primary hypogonadism is characterized by poor ovary function.Central hypogonadism results from an anomaly of the hypothalamohypophyseal axis.Menopause is also a particular form of hypogonadism.In men，hypogonadism is presented by a deficiency in testicular function.This concerns sperm production and the testosterone secretion.Hypogonadism in men can be of hypothalamic-pituitary or testicular origin，or a combination of both.In adult men，this disorder can cause loss of libido，impotence，hair loss in link with shaving frequency，infertility，etc.Diverse solutions can be considered to treat hypogonadism，such as the prescription of estrogen or testosterone，surgery，and radiotherapy.

Hypergonadism is a disorder characterized by an abnormal elevation of reproductive hormones（estrogen or testosterone）.The onset of this pathology can be evoked by several causes：genetic factors，autoimmune disorders，tumors，etc.Symptoms of hypergonadism are about the same in men and women.Hypergonadism that develops prior to puberty can lead to precocious puberty.Precocious puberty is the early and rapid onset of changes related to sexual maturity.If hypergonadism develops after puberty，men may face early hair loss and women may have some facial hair growth.The goal of treating hypergonadism is to reduce hormone levels.If a gland has a tumor，it may be necessary to surgically remove the tumor.If the cause is severe underactive thyroid，you may be prescribed strong doses of thyroid medication to help restore healthier body chemistry.

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Task 7　Write a word with each of the following meanings.