7.3.5 Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis（MS），the most prevalent neurological disability，is an autoimmune-mediated disorder that affects the central nervous system（CNS）and often leads to severe physical or cognitive incapacitation as well as neurological problems in young adults.This pathologic condition affects women more than men（sex ratio 2.5：1），and the prevalence varies by geographic area.This disease can follow two types：the exacerbation-remitting type in which the exacerbation or onset of symptoms is followed by a complete remission or the chronic progressive type in which there is a steady loss of neurological function.The symptoms include vision problems，tingling or numbness in the arms and legs，urinary incontinence，tremor，and stiff gait.
Multifocal zones of inflammation due to focal T-lymphocytic and macrophage infiltrations，and oligodendrocyte death are the primary causes of myelin sheath destruction，which result in the formation of CNS plaques composed of inflammatory cells and their products，demyelinated and transected axons，and astrogliosis in both white and gray matter（Fig.7-9）.
Fig.7-9 Multiple Sclerosis
There is no known cure for MS.The goals of drug therapy are to decrease inflammation，slow the immune response，and promote muscle relaxation.The goal of care for the person with MS is to relieve and decrease the severity of symptoms and promote independence as much as possible for as long as possible.(https://www.daowen.com)
Currently，a stem cell-based regenerative medicine paradigm has been proposed for the treatment of MS.Adult stem cells，including hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs），are undifferentiated cells used to treat MS due to their immunomodulatory effects and neuroprotective potential.
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Task 7 Write a word with each of the following meanings.
