8.3.3 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin，causing blood sugar（glucose）levels to be abnormally high.If the body does not produce enough insulin to move the glucose into the cells，or if the cells stop responding normally to insulin（called insulin resistance），the resulting high levels of glucose in the blood and the inadequate amount of glucose in the cells together produce the symptoms and complications of diabetes.
The classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus include glycosuria（sugar in the urine），polydipsia（excessive thirst），and polyuria（excessive urine output）.Other symptoms include increased eating（polyphagia）and weight loss，presence of ketones in the urine，itching（pruritus），muscle weakness，and fatigue.
Diabetes mellitus is mainly classified into type 1 diabetes（insulin-dependent diabetes）and type 2 diabetes（non-insulin-dependent diabetes）.Type 1 diabetes usually occurs before the age of 30，having a sudden onset.Individuals with type 1 diabetes usually have no pancreatic activity and require administration of insulin injections to control the disease.Type 2 diabetes usually appears in adults after the age of 40，having a gradual onset.The majority of these individuals are obese.Individuals with type 2 diabetes usually have some pancreatic activity but experience insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion.
Diet，exercise，and education are the cornerstones of treatment of diabetes and often the first recommendations for people with mild diabetes.Weight loss is important for people who are overweight.
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Task 5 Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1.________is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
2.Insulin________occurs when the cells stop responding normally to insulin.(https://www.daowen.com)
3.Presence of sugar in the urine is referred to as________.
4.Type 1 diabetes is also called as________diabetes.
5.The________symptoms of diabetes include polyuria，polydypsia and polyphagia.
6.A feeling that makes you want to scratch is called as________.
7.Type 1 diabetes is characterized by sudden________of symptoms.
8.Individuals with type 1 diabetes usually have no________activity.
9.Why are some________people at higher risk for diabetes than others？
10.The primary function of insulin is to facilitate the uptake of________into body cells.