英文提要

People⁃to⁃People Exchanges for Sound and Steady Development of China⁃Africa Cooperation

Liu Hongwu& Lin Chen

Abstract： People⁃to⁃people and cultural exchanges are the new impetus of China⁃Africa relations in the new period， which will help ensure a sound and steady development of China⁃Africa cooperation. Since cultural exchanges deepen mutual understanding and draw people much closer， they are fundamental to the development of China⁃Africa relations， and have strong influence on long⁃term China⁃Africa cooperation. President Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the significance of enhancing people⁃to⁃people connection and mutual learning between Chinese and African civilizations， and has given important and clear instructions on promoting China⁃Africa cultural cooperation. This paper aims at exploring the theoretical and strategic meanings of China⁃Africa people⁃to⁃people exchanges， revealing how Chinese scholars in African Studies practice in the related fields， and discussing the effectiveness and implications with a case study.

Keywords： China⁃Africa People⁃to⁃people Exchanges； Theoretical and Strategic Meanings； Effectiveness and Implications

Three Dimensions for the Evaluations of Universities' ThinkTanksof Area Studies

Jin Ge

Abstract： China has emerged as the world's knowledge production center. The knowledge production is the driving force and result of China's global rising， and it also underlies the Chinese nation's rejuvenation process. Universities' think tanks of area studies have great potential to contribute. To better develop these think tanks， a proper evaluation system is essential， and there should be three key points for the evaluation system. First， the main job of think tanks is clearly to serve the government's decision⁃making. Secondly， the think tanks of area studies should show their specialties and depth to distinguish themselves from others， such as the studies of foreign languages， world history， international relations， and comparative political science. Last but not least， these think tanks should also dedicate to students' education and training， which is the main job of universities.

Keywords： Areas Studies； Think Tanks； University； Evaluation

The Role of Academic Society on the Think⁃Tank Work in Area and Country Study in Colleges and Universities

Wang Shi⁃ming

Abstract： The academic societiesare demic organization examined and approved by the State Civil Affairs Department， its function is to drive the academic development of the relevant fields and to provide intellectual support for national development and social progress.The institutions of area and country studies， with different attributes and kinds， are largely subordinary bodies of colleges and universities or scientific research institutions， one of their functions is to provide a think⁃tank business.The academic society's social function and its intellectual resources make its participation in the think⁃tank work in area and country studies in colleges and universities to be necessary， the relative insufficiency in intellectual resources for research institutions concerning area and country studies in colleges and universities will provide the academic society the opportunity and possibility to take part in think⁃tank work.Because their attachment to different managing mechanism， their cooperation will be necessarily based on in a certain condition， namely， the academic society must be open， while the research institutions concerning area and country studies need to get the observance of the problems of reality as a key issue.Finally， the participation of academic society into the think⁃tank work in area and country studies in colleges and universities should proceed from the reality， take flexible paths or ways， such as building effective contact mechanism， co⁃hosting academic workshops， conducting collaborative research， all of which will combine organically the intellectual resources of academic societies with the platform resources of the research institutions.

Keywords： academic society； area and country studies； think⁃tank； academic workshop

Realism， Geopolitics and the Study of Grand Strategy

Wu Zhengyu

Abstract： This paper， based on the distinction between Classical Approach and Scientific Approach， seeks to investigate and clarify the relevance and applicability of Classical Geopolitics to contemporary Grand Strategy Studies. Theoretically， Classical Approach and Scientific Approach are two different approaches to theorizing international relations. The distinction between them is mainly focused on the nature of International Theory and what kind of knowledge International Theory is supposed to present. For many years， Kenneth Waltz's Structural Realism， a theory constructed by the standards of Scientific Approach， has constituted the cornerstone of Grand Strategy Studies since the 1980s. In spite of a variety of inspirations and insights it presents ， Structural Realism has simultaneously led to some hardly corrigible deficiencies inherent in contemporary Grand Strategy Studies. These deficiencies， to be specific， constitute the main obstacle for the sustainable development of Grand Strategy Studies. This paper contends that to break out of the straitjacket imposed by Structural Realism is to reconsider the relevance and applicability of Classical Geopolitics， a theory constructed by the standards of Classical Approach， to contemporary Grand Strategy Studies.

Keywords： approach； Scientific Approach； Realism； Geopolitics； Grand Strategy(https://www.daowen.com)

Between Idealism and Realism： The Eclecticism in the US Diplomatic Practice

Wang Wei

Abstract： Bornin a corner of the Continent America， the United States presents a unique case of state formation. In this process， the United States formed systematic foreign policy thoughts and ideals. As circumstance changes， the policy practice constantly shakes traditional ideals and shapes the new ones. Policy thought and policy practicecollides with each other， enablingitsfollowers to understand and organize the world. Whereas the idealistic tradition of progressive internationalism endures， the realistic tradition of instrumentallymaximizing national interestcontinues to prevail. With respect to idealism as they may， the decision makers need to face the reality constraining the policy making. This makes policy practice an oxymoron， mixing the idealistic wants and the realistic needs together. To be specific，idealism has to compromise with political reality. Worse than that， idealism is often used as a source of instrument to serve certain policies.

Keywords： Idealism； Realism； Ideational Debate； Eclecticism

Influence of Liberal Internationalism on the Post⁃Cold War American Foreign Policy：the Case of International Relations Theory

Zhou Guiyin

Abstract： As a political ideology， a project of international order， and a main school of international relations theory， liberal internationalism has been inflicting a great influence on American foreign policy during the post⁃Cold War era. For different periods or phases， variants or branches of liberal internationalism， and the moderate and radical faction within the school， brought their respective views and proposals into American foreign policy framework and agenda， creating different policy results from the Clinton to the Biden administration. In general， there has been always a kind of dualism in liberal internationalism， including its moderate and radical branches， along with their different emphasis on policies of enlargement and engagement.

Keywords： Liberal Internationalism； International Relations Theory； Post⁃Cold War Era； American Foreign Policy

Experiencing Southeast Asian Studies in China： A reverse culture shock

Xie Kankan

Abstract： Southeast Asian Studies （SEAS） in China has experienced significant changes in the past twenty years. China's rising political and economic power has stimulated growing demands for better understanding of the wider world， resulting in the rapid development of area studies in recent years. Although SEAS in China predated the relatively recent notion of ‘area studies’ by at least half a century， the boom in area studies has profoundly transformed the field， most notably by attracting a large number of scholars to conduct policy⁃relevant research. Not only does the ‘policy turn’ reflect shifts of research paradigms in the field of SEAS， but it is also consistent with some larger trends prevailing in China's higher education sector and rapidly changing society in general. This article shows that SEAS in China has grown even more imbalanced， as indicated by the rapid growth of language programmes， absolute domination of short⁃term policy research， and further marginalisation of humanistic subjects. To respond， Chinese universities have adopted new approaches to SEAS depending on their distinct disciplinary foundations， language coverage， faculty interests， and local governments' policy preferences.

Keywords： Area Studies； Southeast Asian Studies； Policy Turn； Knowledge Production

From the Focus Point of Conflicts to Being Marginalized—A Brief Analysis of the Historical Evolution of the Israeli⁃Palestinian Issue

Zan Tao

Abstract： In May 2021， there was a serious conflict between Palestine and Israel， which is not only a continuation of the long⁃standing unresolved Israeli⁃Palestinian issue in history， but also has internal political factors of the electoral politics of both parties. Historically， the importance of the Israeli⁃Palestinian issue in the Middle East has been declining. Egyptian President Sadat opened up the road that Arab countries began to seek reconciliation with Israel. After the “Arab Spring”， the Israeli⁃Palestinian issue has been marginalized in the political structure of the Middle East. In 2020， under the mediation of the United States， the UAE and Bahrain signed the “Abraham Accords” with Israel.

Keywords： Palestine⁃Israel Issue； Middle East； Arab States； Israel