专项攻克
第一篇
Dining Custom
Every land has its own dining custom， and the United States is no exception.Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time.If a person is invited to dinner at 6：30， the hostess expects him to be there at 6：30 or not more than a few minutes after.Because she usually does her own cooking， she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come.If he is late， the food will not be so good， and the hostess will be disappointed.When the guest can not come on time， he calls his host or hostess on the telephone， gives the reason， and tells at what time he thinks he can come.
As guests continue to arrive， the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she found a chair.A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman.A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.
When the guests sit down at a dinner table， it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.
Even an American may be confused by the number of knives， forks， and spoons besides his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner.The rule is simple， however： use them in the order in which they lie， beginning from the outside.or watch the hostess and do what she does.The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad， which is often served with the soup.The spoon on butter spreader， on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left.As the bread is passed， each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.
1. As a country of immigrants， the U.S.does not have its own dinning customs.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time he is required to come.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. A woman usually rises when she is being introduced to an aged gentleman.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. At a dinner table， it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.At formal American dinner， the knives， forks， and spoons besides the plate are placed in a certain order.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The right order to use the knives， forks and spoons at a formal dinner is from the left to the right.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. At a formal dinner， bread is usually served together with salad and soup.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第二篇
Computer Mouse
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting， drawing， and even scrolling（上下移动文本）on the page with the newer mice with the wheel.Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it.We learn to point at things before we learn to speak， so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens， graphics tablets and touch screens， but the mouse is still our workhorse.
The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse， with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983， really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.
How does the mouse work？ We have to start at the bottom， so think upside down for now.It all starts with the mouse ball.As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad， it presses against and turns two shafts.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them.The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes（LED）mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side.As the wheels spin（转）and a hole rotates by， the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED detects a changing pattern of light， converts the pattern into an electronic signal， and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor（光标）on the computer screen.
So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt.Eventually you have to clean your mouse.The newer optical（光学的）mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.
1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. According to the author， general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body， which looks like the tail of a mouse.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty， it has to be replaced with a new one.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第三篇
El Nino（厄尔尼诺现象）
While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance， the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance.That would be good news for governments， farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857， using prior sea-surface temperatures.The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect， but Bryan C.Weare.a meteorologist at the University of California， Davis， who was not involved in the work， said “itsuggestsE1 Nino is indeed predictable.”
“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.”said Weare.He added that the new methodmakes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times.Other models also use sea-surface temperatures， but they have not looked as far back because they need other data， which is only available for recent decades， Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance.The 1997 El Nino， for example， caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide， offset by beneficial effects in other areas， said David Anderson， of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading， England.The 1877 El Nino， meanwhile， coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China， prompting the development of seasonal forecasting， Anderson said.
When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997， 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone， according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky， the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years， although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2.The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. Weare’s contribution in predicting E1 Ninowas highly praised by other meteorologists.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.According to a Chinese report， the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
答案与解析
第一篇
1.B。题干：作为移民国家，美国并没有属于自己的饮食习惯。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段的第一句话，由该句可知每个国家都有自己的饮食风俗，美国也不例外，故选择B。
2.A。题干：女主人计算时间做饭，以便当客人在预期的时间里到达时可以享受到最可口的咖啡和饭菜。答案查找的相关线索词为：on time（准时）和coffee and meat（咖啡和肉）。先在第一段的第二句中找到on time，并在该段的第四句发现coffee and meat，两者信息相符，故选择A。
3.B。题干：当一个女士被介绍给一个年长的男士时，她通常要站起来。相关线索词为woman（女士）和an aged gentleman（一个年长的男士）。先在第二段的最后一句中找到woman和old（aged的近义词）。但该句说的是“年长的女士”，不是年长的男士，所以该说法不正确，故选择B。
4.C。题干：按照习俗，在餐桌上男人应为女人安排座位。相关线索词arrange chairs for ladies（为女士安排座位）或该短语的同义短语与句子。原文中并没提到该动作，故选C。
5.A。题干：在美国的正式宴席上，盘子旁边的刀、叉子和调羹按一定的顺序摆放。答案查找的相关线索词为：knives， forks and spoons（刀、叉子和调羹）。相关信息在第三段的第一句，说“原则是按照它们摆放的顺序使用”，所以刀、叉子和调羹是有摆放顺序的。故选A。
6.B。题干：在正式的美国宴席上，盘子旁边的刀、叉子和调羹的使用顺序是从左到右。这道题与前一题相关，在前一题我们已发现了涉及刀、叉子和调羹摆放顺序的句子，而该句说“由外向内”，故选B。
7.C。题干：在正式的美国宴席上，面包通常和沙拉、汤一块儿吃。答案查找的相关线索词为：bread和soup。原文第三段的第四句中发现“沙拉和汤一块儿吃”的说法，但并没提到面包，故选C。
第二篇
1.B。题干：大多数计算机使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。利用题干关键词Most computer users和how the computer mouse works可以定位到第一段第三句，大多数计算机使用者天天用计算机，却没有想要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题干信息与原文信息不符，故答案为B。
2.C。题干：短文作者认为一般计算机使用者无须了解鼠标是如何发明的。利用题干关键词invent进行定位，发现题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。
3.A。题干：电脑鼠标的核心成分是两根LED二极管。利用题干关键词LED可以定位到短文的第三段：“The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes（LED）mounted on either side.… The LED detects a changing pattern of light， converts the pattern into an electronic signal， and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.”由此可知鼠标的部件有滚动部件（如滚球），还有装在两侧的光电装置（如二极管等）。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到计算机，计算机根据收到的电信号作出相应的反应。由此可知，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题干对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为A。
4.A。题干：鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线。利用题干关键词the tail of a mouse可以定位到短文第三段倒数第二句、第三句所介绍的信息“…sends the signal tothe computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.”，即通过鼠标拖出的一根线发送信号，而这条像尾巴一样的线使得有了鼠标这个名字。可知本题选项A是正确答案。
5.B。题干：鼠标脏了，就得更换新的。利用题干关键词dirty可以定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到，即鼠标脏了可以擦干净再用。题干的信息是错误的，故答案为B。
6.C。题干：当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是IBM生产的鼠标。利用题干关键词IBM进行定位，发现这一说法短文中找不到，故答案为C。
7.A。题干：光电鼠标比普通鼠标好是因为它没有滚动部件。利用题干关键词optical mouse可以定位到最后一段，该段提到，光电鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题干是对短文信息的一种合理推断，故选项A是正确的。
第三篇
1.B。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者使用的方法可以提前几个月预测厄尔尼诺现象。利用句子中的特征词Columbia University researchers 和 a few months in advance作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：“While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance， the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance.”问题句说“提前几个月”，而原文说“最远能提前到两年”，因此可见问题句的内容中有与原文不一致的地方，因此判断该句“不正确”。
2.A。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者研究了过去厄尔尼诺的发生与海平面温度的关系。利用句子中的特征词EI Nino occurrences 和 sea-surface temperatures作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：“Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000…”该句的含义基本上与问题句的内容一致，还需要对信息1进行判断：辨别the researchers是否就是“The Columbia University researchers”，而前文中出现的就是“The Columbia University researchers”，因此判断信息1和信息2的内容都在原文中有呼应的内容，因此判断该句的说法正确。
3.C。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者首先将海平面温度与过去厄尔尼诺的发生联系起来。题干中出现的特征词（the first）是判断该句正误的关键。利用该词作为答案线索，发现文章中没有出现这个词。因为该句是概括总结句，因此再利用句子出现的核心结构sea-surface temperatures 和 the past EI Nino occurrences作为答案线索，发现涉及这两个结构的句子所表达的句意都与问题句的内容无关，因此判断问题句的说法为“未提及”。
4.C。题干：Weare在预测厄尔尼诺方面的贡献受到其他气象学家的大力称赞。利用句子中出现的特征词Weare作为答案线索，发现答案相关句都没有讲述是否Weare在预测厄尔尼诺现象方面做出了贡献，也没有提到他的贡献是否得到了其他气象学家的高度赞扬。
5.B。题干：根据中国的报告，1991年和1997年因为厄尔尼诺引起的洪灾危及2亿人。将句子中出现的特征词Chinese report， in 1991 and 1997 和 200 million Chinese people 作为答案线索，发现答案相关句：“When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997， 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone， according to a 2002 United Nations report.”由该句可知是根据联合国的报告而非中国的报告，故该句的内容与问题句的内容不一致。
6.A。题干：厄尔尼诺达到其峰值需要八个月的时间。该问题句内容和结构都较简单，句子中出现了一个数字（八个月），因此猜测对这个数字的辨别是解题的关键。借助eight months和句子中的核心词peak作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：“E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.”借助该句含义可以推出 El Nino 需要大约八个月达到峰值。
7.C。题干：美国建立了一所特别的研究院来研究厄尔尼诺现象。利用句子中出现的核心词A special institute 和 America作为答案线索，发现文章中根本就没有提到“在美国建立一所特别的研究院”，因此该句为“原文未提及”。