2016职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷四
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.They set this standard to test the people’ capabilities four years ago.
A.power B.strengths C.possibilities D.abilities
2.Our discussion should be related to the topic on environmental protection.
A.be relied on B.be afraid of C.be connected with D.be excited at
3.The number of potential users is enormous and we should pay more attention to it.
A.immense B.normal C.strange D.little
4.He discovered that his hometown has changed a lot in the past five years.
A.realized B.found C.recognized D.heard
5.John removed his overcoat because it was so hot here.
A.took away B.left aside C.took off D.washed off
6.The parents are worried about the abnormal behavior of their baby.
A.bad B.frightening C.repeated D.unusual
7.In fact， all of these devices are designed by him in his spare time.
A.finally B.really C.actually D.usually
8.We have diverse ways to solve the problem and shouldn’t give up the hope.
A.colorful B.attractive C.flexible D.various
9.It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get older.
A.notice B.watch C.follow D.celebrate
10.Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
A.held B.increased C.expected D.offered
11.We have to act within the existing legal framework.
A.limit B.procedure C.status D.system
12.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
A.spend B.take C.stand D.last
13.At that time， we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A.give B.attach C.understand D.lose
14.How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday？
A.explain B.examine C.choose D.expand
15.The small town has been virtually unchanged in the last ten years.
A.totally B.absolutely C.almost D.gently
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Highways
With the increase in auto production， private turnpike（收费公路）companies under local authorities began to spring up， and by 1921 there were 387， 000 miles of paved roads.At that time， there were no national standards for size， weight restrictions， or weight of trucks.During the World War I， roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks.When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919， he noted： “The old convoy（车队）had started me thinking about good， two-lane highways， but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”
The interstate highway system was finally started in 1956.To build its 44， 000-mile web of highways， bridges， and tunnels， hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Considering the many geographic features of the country such as mountains， steep grades， wetlands， rivers， deserts and plains， innovative designs of roadways began to weave their way across the country， forever altering the face of America.
Today， the interstate system links every major city in the U.S.， and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind， the highways have wide lanes and shoulders， dividing medians， or barriers， long entry and exit lanes， curves engineered for safe turns， and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads （0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads）.
By opening the North American continent， highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country， spurred the growth of suburbs， and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs， access to cultural program， health care， and other benefits.Above all， the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most： personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation： more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck； and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes， it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations， motels， restaurants， and shopping centers.It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
16. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways had better quality than the highways of America.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.In the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in
innovative engineering projects.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20. With safety considerations， the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.The interstate highways system provides access between major military installations in America.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.Service stations， motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有两项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Science Fiction
（1）Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles arepublished every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore， some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
（2）It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature， but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society， a theme which is still often found in modem stories.
（3）Most of the classics of science fiction， however， have been written within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells， to mention just two well-known authors， have been translated into many languages.
（4）Modern science fiction writers don’t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind；or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this， their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
（5）In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction， the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going， however， may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
23～26概括大意
23.Paragraph 2____
24.Paragraph 3____
25.Paragraph 4____
26.Paragraph 5____
A.A Fairly New Development
B.Classics of Science Fiction
C.Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Advances
D.Origins of Science Fiction
E.Themes of Modern Science Fiction
F.Popularity of Science Fiction
27～30完成句子
27. Some form of ideal society is____.
28. Books written by J.Verne are____.
29. Modern science fiction have political____.
30. The writers find it difficult____.
A.concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B.to keep ahead of scientific advances
C.implication（涵义）
D.a current theme
E.read worldwide
F.a recurrent（反复出现的）theme
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals， where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators（猛兽）don’t exist.Without such problems， animals in zoos should live to a ripe（成熟的）old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health.Sometimes， they even become unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity（圈养）affects elephants， a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care， documenting factorssuch as birth dates， illnesses， weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps（伐木场）， over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years.Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years — more than three times as long.Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern.In zoos， they lived 18.9 years， while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don’t know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts.Georgia Mason， a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study， thinks stress and obesity（肥胖症）may be to blame.Zoo elephants don’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild， and most are very fat.Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild， where they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos.While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce（生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations， that doesn’t appear to be the case with elephants.
31. Unlike other animals in zoos， zoo-raised elephants____.
A.live a long life. B.give birth to many babies.
C.develop poor health. D.have difficulty getting food.
32. Which of the following about the scientists’ study is NOT true？
A.They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.
B.They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.
C.The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos.
D.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
33. It was found that， compared with female wild elephants， female zoo-born elephants.
A.lived longer B.grew up faster
C.died much earlier D.enjoyed the same life spans
34. One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants’ problems is that.
A.they do not get proper food B.they do too much exercise
C.they live in large herds D.they do not live in family groups
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.
A.zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully
B.zoos should keep more animals except elephants
C.it may not be wise to keep elephants in zoos
D.elephants are no longer an endangered species
第二篇
Immigration and Problems
Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006.Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens — not criminals.Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally.Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures — including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.
Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise.Some want to keep the doors open.They need the labor.About 400，000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005， according to the Canadian Government statistics.However， all this growth means that cities need to adapt.New comers don’t always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled.So industries are using mentoring（辅导）programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.
With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating（减少）， the Spanish Government has decided to get tough.There will be no more mass amnesties（特赦）for illegals， and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back， the government has announced.About 23，000 migrants（移民）landed on the islands in2006， and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers.This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.
France’s new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration.It takes effect in 2007.The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage.Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications.The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents” visas， valid for three years.But some people show the concern that it’ll cause brain drain in developing countries.
36. Many immigrants in the US took to the streets in early 2006， demanding that____.
A.John McCain be removed B.they be sent back home
C.they be treated as citizens D.their culture be protected
37. The expression “rounding up” in Paragraph 1 could be best replaced by____.
A.encircling B.separating C.arresting D.frightening
38. Canada is not very strict with immigration applications because____.
A.it is a large country B.it is suffering from labor shortage
C.its population is decreasing D.it is a multicultural country
39. To solve the immigration problem， the Spanish Government has decided____.
A.to take tough measures against illegal immigration
B.to let immigrants freely enter the country
C.to integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture
D.to help immigrants find proper jobs
40. After France’s new immigration and integration law takes effect， it will____.
A.encourage overseas students to return home
B.bring damage to the unity of the country
C.arouse anger among French workers
D.make it hard for developing countries to keep talents
第三篇
Road Politeness
It is all very well to blame traffic jams， the cost of petrol and the quick peace of modern life， but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver， but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule.Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign； otherwise， it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners， but good sense， too.It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors.On the other hand， a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance， so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today.Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However， improper politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.
A veteran driver， whose manners are faultless， told me it would help if motorists learn to filter correctly into traffic streams without causing the total blockages（堵塞）that give rise to bad temper.Unfortunately， modern motorists can’t even learn to drive， let alone be well-mannered on the road.Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
41.According to this passage， troubles on the road are primarily caused by____.
A.the traffic jams
B.the quick peace of modern life
C.the cost of petrol
D.the behavior of the driver
42.The sentence “You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver， but nowadays the well- mannered motorist is the exception to the rule” implies that____.
A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
B.rude drivers can be met only occasionally
C.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
D.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the rude driver
43.By “good sense” （Paragraph 2）， the writer means____.
A.the driver’s prompt response to difficult conditions
B.the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
C.the driver’s tolerance of bad road conditions
D.the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations
44. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion____.
A.drivers should be ready to yield to one another
B.road users should make more sacrifices
C.drivers should have more communication among themselves
D.drivers will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to others
45. What’s the main idea for this passage？
A.Drivers should apply road politeness properly.
B.Strict traffic regulations are badly needed.
C.Rude and inconsiderate drivers should be punished.
D.Drivers should try their best to avoid traffic jams.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Reduce Packaging
Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign.____（46） Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.
Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries.____（47） When returned bottles are put in a vending machine（自动售货机）， the deposit is refunded.Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.
There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with.Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging.____（48）
In response to a campaign by Britain’s the Independent Newspaper， leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.____（49）
But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent.In Sweden， non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives.____（50） In Germany， plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.
A.In Belgium， when you buy something in a plastic or glass container， you make a deposit.
B.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.
C.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.
D.Tesco said it was saving 112， 000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates（装货箱）for transporting its fresh produce.
E.The campaign was initiated by the Independent newspaper.
F.If a product is over-packaged， don’t buy it.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to “self-medicate”（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）， scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually____（51） depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived____（52） benefits of smoking among teens， ” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton， a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.“____（53） cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood， in the long____（54） we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study， some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to____（55） mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants， urban and rural schools， and schools____（56） in high， moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three____（57）： never smokers； smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate， improve mood or physical____（58）； smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things； had____（59） going to sleep or staying asleep； felt unhappy， sad， or depressed； felt hopeless about the future； felt anxious or tense； and worried too much about things.
“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood____（60） had higher risks of elevated（提升）depressive symptoms____（61） teens who had never smoked， ” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin， a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.“Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are____（62） higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.”
The____（63） between depression and smoking existsv____（64） among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.“It’s____（65） to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke， ” says Dr.Chaiton.
51.A.diagnose B.increase C.examine D.treat
52.A.financial B.material C.emotional D.political
53.A.Whatever B.Although C.Since D.If
54.A.road B.term C.journey D.distance
55.A.affect B.judge C.lead D.study
56.A.located B.moved C.exposed D.mixed
57.A.groups B.sets C.species D.versions
58.A.beauty B.state C.world D.activity
59.A.time B.courage C.trouble D.energy
60.A.tellers B.improvers C.creators D.designers
61.A.not B.than C.but D.that
62.A.at B.in C.about D.without
63.A.association B.cooperation C.difference D.agreement
64.A.probably B.principally C.occasionally D.scarcely
65.A.important B.meaningless C.illogical D.friendly