专项攻克
第一篇
Youth Sports Call for Some Changes
Everywhere you look， you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet（网球拍）.And these kids are getting younger and younger.In some countries， children can compete on basketball， baseball， and volleyball teams starting at age nine.____（46） And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four， to prepare children for competition.
It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams.____（47） This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport.Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it.____（48） But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport — for fun.
Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches.Children are not naturally competitive.In fact， a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old.____（49）
The third， and biggest， problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework， have fun， be with friends — in short， time to be kids.When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice， they often start to hate their chosen sport.A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before twelve quit before they turn eighteen.____（50）Excessive competition wipes away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sports — to give kids a chance to have strong， healthy bodies.
A.But what about the others， the average kids？
B.The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C.A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children
concentrate on one sport.
D.Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
E.Sports for children have two important purposes.
F.Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
第二篇
Selmer
At 21， Ricardo Semler became boss of his father’s business in Brazil， Semco， which sold parts for ships.Semler Junior worked like a madman， from 7：30 am， until midnight every day.One afternoon， while touring a factory in New York， he collapsed.The doctor who treated him said， “There’s nothing wrong with you.But if you continue like this， you’ll find a new home in our hospital.” Semler got the message.He changed the way he worked.In fact， he changed the ways his employees worked too.
He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong.He allowed them to set their own salaries， and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary， like receptionists and secretaries.____（46） “Everyone at Semco， even top managers， meets guests in reception， does the photocopying， sends faxes， types letters and dials the phone.”
He completely reorganized the office： instead of walls， they have plants at Semco， so bosses can’t shut themselves away from everyone else.____（47） As for uniforms， some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.
Semler says， “We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour.He doesn’t even pretend to be busy.But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea.Rubin springs into action.____（48） That’s when he earns his salary.No one cares if he doesn’t look busy the rest of the time.”
Semco has flexible working hours： the employees decide when they need to arrive at work____（49）
It sounds perfect， but does it work？ The answer is in the numbers： in the last six years， Semco’s revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million.The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000.Why？ Semler says it’s because of “peer pressure”.Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else.____（50） In other words， Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults.And they do.
A.This saved money and brought more equality to the company.
B.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
C.And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.
D.Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work.
E.If someone isn’t doing his job well， the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
F.Also， Semco lets its workers use the company’s machines for their own projects， and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.
第三篇
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.They have stood for nearly 5，000 years， and it seems like that____（46）.There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile， some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or， more often，____（47）.The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids， and their very shape____（48）.These are good reasons why they can still be seen today， but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids____（49）.However， there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.Consequently， we are only able to guess at the methods used.Nevertheless， by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found， archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain： there must have been months of careful planning____（50）.The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around， but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed， and certain problems had to be overcome.
A.for stone to use in modern buildings
B.has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C.before they could begin to build
D.because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E.while building the pyramids
F.they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
答案与解析
第一篇
46.B。空格前讲到一些国家在孩子很小的时候就让他们参加体育竞技比赛，空格后提到有专门为4岁孩子学习的游泳和体操班，空格处填入B选项（少年足球班的孩子最小只有5岁）符合上下文语义。故选B。
47.A。空格前讲到确实有少量儿童会由此发展成技能高超的运动员，甚至成为国家奥运会备选选手，空格后讲到这种对竞争性的过分关注却有负面因素。因此空格处需要填入转折含义的过渡句。因此A（但是，其他普通孩子又怎么样呢？）符合上下文语义。故选A。
48.C。空格前讲到很多家长会逼迫孩子选择一项运动，并为之全力付出。空格处则应该填入对此现象进一步说明的内容，因此C选项（调查表明，79%的年轻运动员的父母想让孩子专注于一项运动）是正确的。
49.D.上文讲到孩子们在7岁前都不太能理解什么叫竞争，因此他们更不能理解为什么父母会如此强烈地逼迫他们。故D是最佳选项。
50.F。空格前讲到12岁之前参与竞赛型体育活动的往往在18岁之前就会放弃这些运动。空格后句子的意思是“过分的竞争使其中的乐趣荡然无存”，因此空格处填入“孩子们对体育活动完全丧失了兴趣”最合适。故F为正确答案。
第二篇
46.A。从原文来看，空白处的前一句是Semler取消了一些不必要的职位如秘书和前台接待员，空白处的后面谈论的是这样的结果是每个人都做很多事情，因而空白处是谈论这样做所造成的结果，所以A项（这样做既省钱又给公司带来了更多的平等）符合文意。
47.C。从原文来看，空白处的前一句是Semler重新改革了办公室的设置，比如去除了墙壁等，空白处的后一句谈论的是制服的改革。所以空白处谈论的还是有关办公室改革的事情，因而答案C（职员可以随心所欲地装饰自己的工作间）符合文意。
48.B。从原文来看，空白处的前一句是Rubin Agater的行为，空白处的后一句谈论的还是Rubin Agater，所以空白处填入的信息还是关于 Rubin Agater，选项中只有B谈论的是个人行为，所以答案为B。
49.F。从原文来看，空白处的前文讲共同决定弹性工作时间，空白处谈论的应该是与弹性工作时间有关的事，所以选择答案F。
50.E。从原文来看，空白处的前面谈论来自同事的压力（peer pressure）使得每个人都努力工作，空白处的后一句谈论Semler这样做的用意，所以空白处填入的还是有关工作的事情。故答案为E。
第三篇
46.F。根据上下文语义——上文讲到金字塔已经矗立了5千年之久，因此，此处填入金字塔似乎还能坚持数千年最合适。
47.A。此处用语法原则来判断最合适，前一句有look for，两空格前有and，需要填入一个带介词的并列结构，直接判定选择A，主要讲述的是那些去金字塔寻找现代建筑能使用的石头材料的人破坏了金字塔。
48.B。此句在分析金字塔千年屹立不倒的原因——形状。
49.D。上文有plan，根据重复原则，我们首先确定D可选，再通过上下文的语义能最终确定D为正确答案。
50.C。此句表达的是在开始修金字塔之前，必须进行数月仔细的计划。