专项攻克
第一篇
Dark Forces Dominate Universe
The earth, moon, sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown forces that____(1) astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic____(2) of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that____(3) our world.Astronomers now know that luminous(发光的)matter — stars, planets and hot gas — accounts____(4) only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous components, such as black holes and intergalactic(星系间的)gas,____(5) up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent, or dark energy, about 73 percent.
Dark matter, sometimes____(6) “cold dark matter”has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it____(7) formation of stars, planets and even people.We____(8) our very existence to dark matter,” said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which____(9) not long ago in the journal Science.“Dark matter dominated the structure____(10) in the early universe,”Steinhardt said.“For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe.You can think of ordinary matter____(11) a froth(泡沫)of an ocean of dark matter.The dark matter dumps(结成块)and the ordinary matter falls into it.That____(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies(星系).” Without dark matter,“ there would be virtually no structures in the universe.”The nature of dark matter is____(13).It cannot be seen or detected directly.Astronomers know it is there because of its____(14) on celestial(天体的)objects that can be seen and measured.But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently____(15) power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.
1.A.worry B.move C.puzzle D.reject
2.A.understanding B.value C.pattern D.structure
3.A.changed B.described C.designed D.shaped
4.A.in B.for C.of D.to
5.A.make B.keep C.set D.get
6.A.written B.called C.identified D.seen
7.A.signed B.stressed C.acted D.played
8.A.believe B.owe C.fee D.regard
9.A.appeared B.carried C.published D.contributed
10.A.element B.shape C.formation D.power
11.A.with B.as C.form D.beside
12.A.turned B.worked C.led D.attempted
13.A.unknown B.interesting C.different D.visible
14.A.form B.outcome C.effect D.source
15.A.seized B.proven C.caught D.grasped
第二篇
Gun Rights in the US
Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn(致哀)the dead.The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the____(1).But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to____(2) weapons.
Strictly speaking,the US is not the only country____(3) gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance.But the US is one of the____(4) countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.
In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter____(5) control soon after serious gun violence incidents.US leaders, however, are held____(6) by the gun lobby(院外活动集团)and the electoral(选举的)system.
The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun____(7) in the US, is too strong for any party to take on Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway.____(8) the years,the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not____(9);they prefer power.
According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics,firearm(火器)incidents accounted____(10) nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005.So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don’t want to give up their arms they____(11) to protect themselves.
Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example.In an interview he said, “If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon,they might have been able to____(12) all this.” In his opinion, the massacre(大屠杀)is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.
But at the root of Americans’ clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of Crime, but a mistrust of____(13), commented UK’s Guardian newspaper.
One Virginia resident who had a permit to carry a concealed(隐藏的)firearm, told the Guardian that it was____(14) American’s responsibility to have a gun.
“Each person,” he said.”should not rely solely____(15) the government for protection.”
1.A.ceremony B.funeral C.grief D.tears
2.A.own B.make C.destroy D.trade
3.A.while B.which C.that D.where
4.A.some B.few C.much D.little
5.A.rocket B.knife C.gun D.bullet
6.A.hostage B.office C.person D.home
7.A.fire B.attacks C.violence D.rights
8.A.Since B.Over C.Till D.Until
9.A.either B.both C.each D.one
10.A.of B.off C.out D.for
11.A.hide B.buy C.keep D.sell
12.A.stop B.cover C.shoot D.interrupt
13.A.guards B.government C.students D.professors
14.A.many B.few C.all D.every
15.A.in B.on C.at D.from
第三篇
Interior Design
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development intoa specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partly because ofthe many functions that might be____(1) in a single large building.
The importance of interior design becomes____(2) when we realize how much time we____(3) surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be____(4) attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect____(5) place to be appropriate to its use.You would be____(6) if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed tolook____(7) the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn’t feel____(8) in a business officethat has the appearance of a school.
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic____(9) is the function of the particular____(10).For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and____(11) few entries and exits will not work for____(12) purpose, no matter howbeautifully it might be____(13).Nevertheless,for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of____(14).He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration ofeverything from ceiling to floor.____(15) addition, the designer must usually select furniture ordesign built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served
1.A.consisted B.contained C.composed D.comprised
2.A.obscure B.attractive C.appropriate D.evident
3.A.spend B.require C.settle D.retain
4.A.so B.as C.thus D.such
5.A.some B.any C.this D.each
6.A.amused B.interested C.shocked D.frightened
7.A.like B.for C.at D.into
8.A.correct B.proper C.right D.suitable
9.A.care B.concern C.attention D.intention
10.A.circumstance B.environment C.surroundings D.space
11.A.too B.quite C.a D.far
12.A.their B.its C.those D.that
13.A.painted B.covered C.ornamented D.decorated
14.A.solutions B.conclusions C.decisions D.determinations
15.A.For B.In C.As D.with
答案与解析
第一篇
1.C。此处是说,除了地球、月亮、太阳以及我们看得见的星星外,其他的都是未知的物质、未知的能量以及未知的力量,这些____航天员。四个选项中puzzle(使……感到迷惑)符合语境。
2.A。此处是说,近年来的观察改变了人们对于宇宙演变史的基本____,同时也反映了我们对____世界的主要力量和物质知道得还太少。四个选项分别代入,understanding(了解,知道)符合语境。
3.D。语境同上,此处应该是说“形成”我们这个世界。故答案为D。
4.B。这里考查的是固定短语account for(占……比例)。
5.A。这里考查的是固定短语make up(组成,构成;占……)。
6.B。此处是说,dark matter 有时候____cold dark matter,已经为人所知一段时间了。四个选项分别代入,只有called(被叫做)符合语境。
7.D。这里考查的是固定短语play a role in(扮演……角色,在……发挥作用)。
8.B。从句法结构看,正确选项要跟后面的介词to搭配。四个选项中owe to(归于,欠)为固定搭配,其他三个选项都不搭配to。本句的意思是“我们因为暗物质的力量而存在”。
9.C。此处是说,物理学家Paul Steinhardt和一篇关于dark matter的评论合作者说:“我们因为暗物质的力量而存在”,这篇评论不久前____在《科学》杂志上。四个选项分别代入,选项published(出版,发表)最合适,与文意相符。
10.C。此处是说,暗物质在宇宙早期结构____过程中起着主导作用。四个选项中只有C与文意符合。
11.B。这里考查的是习惯搭配think…as…(把……视为……)。
12.C。这里考查的是固定短语lead to(导致……;通向……)。
13.A。此处是说,dark matter的本质是____。dark matter不能直接被观察或检测到。四个选项分别代入,只有选项A合适。
14.C。此题亦需从上下文来考虑,effect指“影响”,只有此选项符合文意。
15.B。此处是说,暗物质是被科学家们证明存在的一种能量。这种能量正影响着整个宇宙。四个选项中,proven(被证明的)符合语境。
第二篇
1.C。考查词汇。题干:总统和州政府官员匆忙赶到一起分享____。四个选项:ceremony(仪式),funeral(葬礼),grief(悲伤),tears(眼泪),可知“悲伤”最符合语境,故选C。
2.A。考查词汇。题干:但是绝大多数的美国人还是支持他们____武器的权利。根据题意,只能是own(持有),所以答案为A。
3.D。考查状语从句。题干:严格地说,美国不是唯一的____违法持枪事件对生命、家庭和社会造成伤害的国家。地点状语从句用where,故D为正确答案。
4.B。考查词汇。题干:但是美国是____之一的国家,这些国家不愿意并且在政治上无法做一些事情来制止这一行为。C和D不能修饰可数名词排除,原句用了but表示转折意义,few更为合适,故B为正确答案。
5.C。考查词汇。题干:在英国和加拿大这样的国家,在经历严重的持枪袭击案件后,采取了更为严厉的控制____的措施。根据本句句意,此处应填gun,故选C。
6.A。考查固定短语hold sb.hostage(将某人劫持为人质;威胁某人)。题干:但是美国的领导人却受到院外活动集团和选举体制的限制。
7.D。考查词汇。题干:美国主要的支持枪____的国家枪械协会,势力非常强大,没有哪个党派能够像共和党那样反对枪械的使用。四个选项:fie(火,失火),attack(攻击,抨击)violence(猛烈,暴力),rights(权利,道理),根据句意选择D。
8.B。考查词汇。题干:____年,民主派人士发现他们能竞选控制枪支或者赢得权力,但不是____;他们选择了权力。空格处表达“这些年”,只有over合适,故B为正确答案。
9.B。考查词汇。题干:这些年,民主派人士发现他们能竞选控制枪支或者赢得权力,但不是____;他们选择了权力。前半句说了他们可以选择,用的either…or,此处表示“两者”的含义,选择both,故B为正确答案。
10.D。考查短语。题干:据美国统计局,2005年火器事件____470万暴力事件的9%。此处考查短语,account for(占,说明),所以选择D。
11.C。考查词汇。题干:虽然民意调查显示美国人希望有更严厉的枪支使用法律,但许多人仍不想放弃使用他们所____的武器保护自己。四个选项:hide(隐藏),buy(购买),keep(保留,继续)sell(卖),C最符合语境。
12.A。考查词汇。题干:在一次采访中他说如果某个教授在弗吉尼亚事故中带着合法的武器,他们也许会____这一切。根据上下文可知,此人的观点是如果这样做就不会发生恐怖事件了,因此选择A(阻止)。
13.B。考查短语。题干:英国卫报评论说,美国人希望持有枪支不仅仅是对犯罪的恐惧,同时也是对____的不信任。四个选项:guard(保卫),government(政府),student(学生),professor(教授),可知B符合题意。
14.D。考查词汇。题干:一位被允许持有隐藏武器的弗吉尼亚居民告诉《卫报》记者,持枪是____美国公民的责任。此处表达“全部美国人”的含义,选择D(每个)。
15.B。考查短语。题干:他说,“每个人,不应仅仅依靠政府保护。”此处考查短语relyon(依靠,依赖),因此选择B。
第三篇
1.B。四个选择项都有“包含,构成”之意,但用法不同。句子中有助动词be的存在,因此,这就点明了所选的动词应能够使用被动语态。contain作及物动词时,意为“包含”,可用于主动或被动语态,故为正确选项。
2.D。我们可以从词义的搭配上来加以区分。attractive意为“有吸引力的”,appropriate意为“合适的,恰当的”,这两个词都不能与作为主语的importance搭配。obscure意为“模糊不清的”,evident意为“明显的”,文章第二段一直强调室内设计的重要性,因此重要性是明显的。故选D。
3.A。空格所在部分是how much time+定语从句,“surrounded by…”是过去分词做主语we的补语,相当于“when we are surrounded by…”。空格填入的词必须能够与其逻辑宾语time搭配,填入动词的含意要有“花费,消耗”的意思。故答案为A。
4.B。本句的后面出现了关键信息词as possible。as…as possible意为“尽可能”,是固定短语。as…as意为“和……一样”,not so…as意为“不如……”。
5.D。some修饰可数名词复数时,表示“一些”,而句子中的place是单数;当它用在单数可数名词前时表示“某种”,也与题意不符。any表示“任何一个”,与文意不符。this place是特定地指某地,在文中作者是泛指,因此this不符合题意。each意为“每一个”,相当于every,each place在此处指室内的每一个地方,故符合题意。
6.C。选项中的四个词都可用来表达人的感觉或感情色彩。上文提到,我们也期望房间的每一个地方的设计都与它的用途相适合;空格所在句子指出:如果你的卧室突然变得像饭店一样,你肯定会感到……由于“卧室像饭店”显然是不符合房间的用途,因此空格处的形容词应带有贬义。故C为正确选项。
7.A。选项的四个介词都可以与动词look相搭配look like the inside of a restaurant意为“看起来像餐馆店堂一样”。
8.C。right除了表示“正确的,合适的”意义之外,还可表达出人的心理活动,not feel right表示“感觉不太舒服”,正符合题意。
9.B。concern与care都表示“关心”。但是care一般用于带感情色彩的事情,有“照料,关切”的意思。故B为正确答案。
10.D。我们发现在后面出现了for any kind of space(对任何空间而言),与前面相互呼应,所以应选space“空间”。
11.A。本题的语境句是一个双重否定句。with短语中的三点内容,即poor sight lines、poor sound-shaping qualities 和 few entries and exits中的poor和few都具有否定的意义,正好与剧院内部设计的“不合理”相对应。根据上下文,必须继续保持few的否定意义。A为正确选项。
12.B。解答本题的关键在于弄清楚句子前后的指代关系。该句可简化为a theater will not work for____purpose。根据上下文,此处应填入表示所属关系的物主代词,同时,所填入的代词既要与前面的主句的主语a theater(单数,指物)一致,也要与后面从句中的主语it一致。故B为正确选项。
13.D。paint意为“刷油漆”,cover意为“覆盖”,这两个词都不符合句意。ornament和decorate都有“装饰”之意,但具体的含义不同。ornament意为用物件“装饰点缀,美化”,decorate除有“装饰”之意外,还有对房屋进行“装潢,粉刷”之意。室内设计的职责主要是进行室内的装修设计。故decorated应为本题的正确答案。
14.C。固定搭配,只有decision可选,在文中表示“做出同样的决定”。
15.B。in addition表示“此外”,属于固定搭配。