2016职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷三
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.
A.admitted B.reported C.hoped D.answered
2. The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.
A.choice B.idea C.decision D.reason
3. The high speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A.effort B.problem C.concern D.influence
4.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
A.offered B.included C.accepted D.investigated
5. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A.continuous B.relative C.general D.sharp
6.I rarely visit my parents after I obtained a decent job in this company.
A.seldom B.frequently C.normally D.eventually
7. He went to attend the party with decent clothes.
A.honest B.rich C.good-looking D.high-ranking
8. You must shine your shoes since you attend to such an important party.
A.lighten B.clean C.wash D.polish
9. The workers finally called off the strike after the government made the promise.
A.put off B.ended C.cancelled D.demanded for
10. You should not touch it if you are not sure it is secure enough.
A.clean B.pretty C.distant D.safe
11. His idea is always utterly different from his classmates.
A.hardly B.rarely C.simply D.totally
12.The magnificent church towers always attract people’s attention at first.
A.ancient B.old C.modern D.splendid
13. People should work together to deal with environmental problems.
A.list B.forbid C.handle D.allow
14. This factory had a far better yield after introducing the new machine.
A.goods B.production C.brand D.friend
15.The frightening news is spread across the whole country.
A.surprising B.boring C.happy D.horrible
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Lakes， Too， Feel Global Warming
There’s no doubt： In the last few decades， the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years.Around the world， people are starting to measure the effects of global warming — and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world， and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009， satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years， the lakes got warmer — by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.
In some places， lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year.At that rate， a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years.That difference may seem small — you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake， slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）， and algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.
The study shows that in some regions， lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using lake temperatures as well， scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That’s going to be useful， since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren’t the only ones concerned.Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it， especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.
That’s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change， or UNFCCC.Every year the convention meets， and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
16. Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17. The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985-2009.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18. Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19. A slght temperature increase in a lake could be harmful for fish.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20. Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21. Global warming is less threatening to small countries.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22. UNFCCC’s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this yeal.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有两项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Drink Your Body Needs Most
（1）Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water.Blood is mostly water， and our muscles， lungs， and brain all contain a lot of water.Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients（滋养物）to travel to all our organs.Water also transports oxygen to our cells， removes waste， and protects our joints and organs.
（2）We lose water through urination（排尿）， respiration（呼吸）， and by sweating.If you are very active， you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise.Symptoms of mild dehydration（脱水）include chronic pains in joints and muscles， lower back pain， headaches， and constipation（便秘）.A strong smell to your urine， along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water.Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact， you need water long before you feel thirsty.
（3）A good rule of thumb（好的做法）is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half.That gives you the number of ounces（盎司）of water per day that you need.For example， if you weigh 160 pounds， you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day.If you exercise you should drink another 8ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active.If you drink coffee or alcohol， you should add at least an equal amount of water.When you are traveling on an airplane， it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.
（4）It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day.Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working， traveling， or exercising.If you get bored with plain water， add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor.There are some brands of flavored water available， but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don’t need.
23～26概括大意
23.Paragraph 1____
24.Paragraph 2____
25.Paragraph 3____
26.Paragraph 4____
A.Ounces of water needed per day
B.Importance of water
C.Composition of water
D.Signs of dehydration
E.Supply of water
F.Necessity for bringing a bottle for water
27. One cannot live____.
28. Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of waterv____.
29. The amount of water your body needs per day is related____.
30. Don’t forget to drink enough water even____.
A.in your body
B.without water
C.before long
D.for a change
E.on a busy day
F.to your weight
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Air Pollution
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people.In one week following the infamous “peasouper” fog in December 1952， 4，700 people died in London.Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases.A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
Fortunately， the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic.Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours.Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function， an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation.Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma（哮喘）and other lung diseases， these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects.Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide， although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air.Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone.There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma， both in North America and Australia.It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis（支气管炎）and emphysema（肺气肿）， but this has yet to be proven.
Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities.The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia.However， we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
31. Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experience？
A.Low concentrations. B.Fall in lung function.
C.Irritability of the lungs. D.Airway inflammation.
32. Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with____.
A.asthma B.lung diseases C.good health D.weak health
33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases？
A.The burning of coal. B.Long-term exposure to smog.
C.Exposure to nitrogen dioxide. D.Attending school camps.
34. The relationship between exposure to____has not yet been determined.
A.ozone and fall in lung function
B.ozone and lung diseases such as asthma
C.nitrogen dioxide and worse lung function
D.smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
35. In the last sentence of the third paragraph， the word “suspected” can be best replaced by____.
A.doubtful B.supposed C.suspicious D.said
第二篇
Biorobotics
Surgeons are being able to enter the eye to carry out operations — atleast in a virtual sense.Techniques derived from virtual reality — the computer system that immerses operations in an artificial computer-generatedworld — will allow surgeons to feel as if he could see the inside of， the eyeduring an operation， creating the illusion that they are actually there.
Researchers at the Biorobotics（生物机械人技术）Laboratory of McGill University in Montreal are building a robot， known as Micro SurgeryRobot-1 （MSR-I for short） ， that will perform delicate operations under thecontrol of a human surgeon.The robot is specifically designed for performing eye surgery but could have other applications， such as the removal ofbrain tumors.The system could also be used to allow surgeons and theirstudents to practice simulated surgery that feel like the real thing — withoutthe real consequences for the patients.
During the operations， the surgeon manipulates a set of controls knownas the master.These are connected through a high-performance computer tothe robot.Both the master and the robot have two limbs.When the surgeonmoves the master’s limbs， the robot’s limbs move in exactly the same way， except that the movements can be scaled down as much as a thousandtimes.This will eliminate hand tremor and poor accuracy and thus reducethe damage to the eye that can occur with present microsurgery techniques.Each of the robot’s limbs has a minimum movement of one micrometer — more than one hundred times the precision of the human hand.
The computer also creates a three-dimensional robot’s eye view of theinside of the eye that the surgeon can see by wearing a virtual reality helmet（头盔） that has a small lens in front of each eye.
To provide the surgeon with such a realistic experience， MSR-I must beable to move rapidly， but this requires extremely fast computing.To handlethe computational demands of instant interaction， the McGill team is constructing its own parallel-processing computer.It is also studying areas such asmuscle mechanism， artificial intelligence and optics， and has already built another microrobot， MR-I， capable of manipulating a single living cell.
36. The so-called “virtual reality” mentioned in this passage refers to____.
A.operations conducted inside the eye B.computer-created illusions that assist in operations
C.new applications of visual technology D.new notions that help improve microsurgery
37. MSR-I is specifically designed for____.
A.making inside-eye examinations B.surgeons to perform delicate operations
C.cutting off tumors in human body D.medical students to practice simulated surgery
38. What is the chief advantage of the virtual reality techniques when usedin microsurgery？
A.Simulated surgery are made more realistic
B.Surgeons can do operations without considering consequences
C.Operations on human eyes become accurate
D.Surgeons need only to manipulate a set of controls
39. The phrase “scale down” in Paragraph 3 probably means to____.
A.“reduce according to proportion” B.“reduce according to a fixed pattern”
C.“diminish infinitely” D.“eliminate gradually”
40. According to the context， MR-I will probably____.
A.perform operations on organs other than eyes
B.be able to perform more delicate operations
C.have its own parallel-processing computer
D.be used in the study of muscle mechanism， etc
第三篇
The Book of Life
So far， scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）， and that’s just a small part of what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants， animals， and other creatures covering the planet， it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help.An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Life （EoL）.The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single， easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started， the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that already exist.And eventually， in special sections of the site， nonscientists with specialized（专门的）knowledge will get to join in.Bird-watchers， for example， will be able to input which birds they’ve seen and where.The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops， you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods.To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate， scientists will review much of the information added to it.People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven’t been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests， age， and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report， for example， you could use the “novice” setting to get basic information about the animals.On the “expert” setting， on the other hand， you could get much more detailed information about the history， literature， and exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
41.“Spider” and “bird” mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate____.
A.animals are people’s friends B.there are numerous living species on Earth
C.it is easy to see spiders and birds D.there are many types of spiders and birds
42. The goal of the creation of the EoL is to____.
A.collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth
B.enlarge an existing Web site of the living species on Earth
C.work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth
D.add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth
43. At the starting stage the EoL will get information from____.
A.all the Web sites available B.the existing scientific databases
C.databases built up by its creators D.nonscientists with specialized knowledge
44. The word “novice” in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by____.
A.scientist B.beginner C.creator D.expert
45. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A.The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.
B.Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.
C.People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful.
D.Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea’s a teenager， he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently， and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student， Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch， a neuroscientist in New York.____（46） They found evidence that children and adults don’t use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI （magnetic resonance imaging） scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.____（47） The other consisted of people who， like Kim， learned their second language later in life.People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner.This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before， first in one language and then the other.They couldn’t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain — Broca’s area， which is believed to control speech production， and Wernicke’s area， which is thought to process meaning.Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke’s area no matter what language they were speaking.____（48）
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca’s area for both their first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca’s area for their second language.____（49） Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children， their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete， the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch， sound， and sight.____（50）
A.But their use of Broca’s area was different.
B.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.
C.How does Hirsch explain this difference？
D.We use special parts of the brain for language learning.
E.And that is very different from learning a languase in a high school or college class.
F.Their work led to an important discovery.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
A Country’s Standard of Living
The “standard of living” of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces.A country’s standard of living， therefore____（51） first on its capacity to produce wealth.“Wealth” in this____（52） is not money， for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy： “goods” such as food and clothing， and “services” such as transport and entertainment.
A country’s capacity to____（53） wealth depends upon many factors， most of____（54） have an effect on one another.Wealth depends____（55） a great extent upon a country’s natural resources.Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals， and have fertile（肥沃的）soil and a favorable climate； other regions____（56） none of them.Next to natural resources comes the ability to____（57） them to use.China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources， but suffered for many years____（58） civil and external wars.And for this and other____（59） was unable to develop her resources.Sound and stable political conditionsand____（60） from foreign invasionsenable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily， and to produce more____（61） than another country equally well favored by nature but less well ordered.
A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and____（62） within its own borders， but also upon what is directly produced through international trade.For example， Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural____（63） would be much less if she had to dependonly on those grown at home.Trade makes it possible for her surplus（过剩的）manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products____（64） would otherwise be lacking.A country’s wealth is， therefore， much influenced by its manufacturing capacity，____（65） that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
51.A.calls B.gets C.depends D.takes
52.A.sense B.article C.side D.area
53.A.distribute B.produce C.contain D.buy
54.A.that B.these C.what D.which
55.A.for B.to C.in D.by
56.A.contribute B.possess C.attract D.develop
57.A.move B.force C.turn D.push
58.A.as B.on C.with D.from
59.A.reasons B.aspects C.points D.services
60.A.freedom B.liberation C.prevention D.government
61.A.wealth B.report C.effect D.result
62.A.provided B.increased C.created D.consumed
63.A.organization B.resources C.products D.labors
64.A.who B.that C.where D.when
65.A.based B.realized C.supposed D.provided