Skill Training
Reading Skill
READING FAST FOR THE MAIN IDEAS:SKIMMING(1)
Skimming involves reading quickly through a text to get an overall idea of its contents.It gives you a general understanding of the main idea or gist of the text.In skimming you need to focus on the following features:
a.Title
b.Subtitle(s)
c.Details about the author
d.Abstract
e.Introductory paragraph
f.First,second and last sentences of each paragraph
g.Concluding paragraph
A text may not include all of these features,but at least you can usually expect to find(a),(e),(f).The text should be read quickly without a dictionary.In skimming,you should:
1)learn to guess the meanings of new words;
2)learn to read for the general sense rather than for the meaning of every word;
3)focus on the topic sentence of each paragraph;
4)emphasize the importance of simply getting the general theme and the main ideas;
5)learn to distinguish between important and unimportant information.
Practice 1
Skim the following passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1:_________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:_________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3:_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4:_________________________________________________________________________________
Read the passage again and do the exercises that follow.
Music Therapy and Pain Management
[1]Although music therapy has been in existence for many years,it is only now after a large number of people have admitted to have seen their near and dear ones getting benefited from this form of therapy that people are getting to know about it and accepting it more readily than ever before.This therapy is known to improve the cognitive abilities of a person,communication skills,ability to socialize,and even improve motor skills and emotional development.It also aids in boosting self-confidence,increasing attention span,improving self-esteem,enhancing listening skills,and most importantly,it aids in developing non-verbal communication and self expression.Apart from all these benefits,this therapy has another very important benefit—it aids in pain management.
[2]Current research demonstrates and supports the effectiveness of music therapy as an innovative noninvasive therapy for healing procedural,acute and chronic pain.The positive effects of this therapy range from sense of immense relaxation to a sense of intense joy,a feeling of absolute peace and comfort,and an overall sense of well-being.As evidences of its authenticity and effectiveness are growing,more and more hospitals across the globe are considering including music therapy as an additional post-operative therapeutic measure.
[3]Pharmacologic interventions are accompanied by multiple side effects that slow down the process of recovery.However,non-pharmacologic non-invasive interventions such as music therapy and other forms of relaxation techniques are immensely helpful and effective in hastening the process of recuperation.Providing music therapy to patients is a very good option because everyone enjoys some or the other form of music.Therefore,this therapy provides a cure along with fun and aids in complete relaxation,the key to early recovery.Music is soothing to the ears and provides comfort,as well as the much required distraction from the sensation of pain apart from regulating the blood pressure and respiratory rates.
[4]Apart from reducing the perceived intensity of pain,music also reduced the sense of loneliness that the hospital environment can create in the patient’s mind.Soothing music can ease out the feelings of fear,apprehension,anxiety and stress.As a result,the patient requires less dosage of pain killers and even the recovery is quicker.Fast cheerful music on the other hand serves to induce responses like tapping of feet and fingers,or humming,which can be physically and psychologically encouraging.Whichever kind of music is employed to elicit the desired effect,the beneficial impacts serve to hasten the recovery process.
New Words and Expressions
therapy /'θerəpɪ/ n.治疗；疗法
cognitive /'kɒɡnɪtɪv/ adj.认知的
socialize /'səʊʃəlaɪz/ v.交际；参与社交
span /spæn/ n.跨度；范围
apart from 除……之外
demonstrate /'demənstreɪt/ vt.证明；论证
innovative /'ɪnəvətɪv/ adj.创新的
non-invasive /ˌnɑnɪn'vesɪv/ adj.非侵害的
acute /ə'kjuːt/ adj.急性的；严重的
chronic /'krɒnɪk/ adj.慢性的；长期的
range from 从……到……
immense /ɪ'mens/ adj.巨大的；非常好的
intense /ɪn'tens/ adj.强烈的；激烈的
absolute /'æbsəluːt/ adj.完全的；绝对的
overall /'əʊvərɔːl/ adj.全部的；全体的
authenticity /ɔːθen'tɪsɪtɪ/ n.真实性；可靠性
post-operative /pəʊst'ɒpərətɪv/ adj.手术后的
therapeutic /ˌθerə'pjuːtɪk/ adj.治疗的；有益健康的
pharmacologic /ˌfɑː（r）məkɒˈlədʒik/ adj.药理的
intervention /ɪntə'venʃ（ə）n/ n.干预；介入
multiple /'mʌltɪpl/ adj.多样的；许多的
slow down 减速；放慢
hasten /'heɪs（ə）n/ vt.加速；催促
recuperation /rɪkuːpə'reɪʃ（ə）n/ n.恢复；复原
option /'ɒpʃ（ə）n/ n.选项
along with 随同；与……一起
soothing /'suːðɪŋ/ adj.抚慰的
distraction /dɪ'strækʃ（ə）n/ n.注意力分散，分心
sensation /sen'seɪʃ（ə）n/ n.感觉
regulate /'reɡjʊleɪt/ vt.调节；控制
respiratory /rɪ'spɪrət（ə）rɪ；rɪ'spaɪ-/ adj.呼吸的
perceived /pə'siːvd/ adj.感知到的；感官的
ease out 消除
stress /stres/ n.压力；紧张
dosage /'dəʊsɪdʒ/ n.剂量；用量
cheerful /'tʃɪəfʊl；-f（ə）l/ adj.快乐的；欢快的
induce /ɪn'djuːs/ vt.诱导；引起；引诱
tap /tæp/ vt.轻打；敲击
humming /'hʌmɪŋ/ n.哼唱
elicit /ɪ'lɪsɪt/ vt.抽出；引出；引起
apprehension /æprɪ'henʃ（ə）n/ n.恐惧；忧虑
Practice 2
Below is a list of the main ideas of the paragraphs which are in the wrong order.Read the passage quickly again to reorder the main ideas so that they follow the pattern of organization in the text.
Practice 3
Read the passage in more detail and decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).
( )1.Music therapy has long been accepted by most people.
( )2.Music therapy is believed to have an effect of pain killers.
( )3.After operation,patients can feel peaceful and comfortable with the music therapy.
( )4.There is no evidence to show that music therapy has enhanced effects of healing.
( )5.Music therapy is provided to patients because music can regulate blood pressure.
( )6.Patients feel lonely in hospital because they have feelings of fear and anxiety.
( )7.All kinds of music can produce the same effect for patients.
Reading More
Scan the below QR code,read the passage,and do the practices online.
New Words and Expressions
cholesterol / kəˈlestərɒl / n.胆固醇
Beatles / bi：tlz / 披头士乐队
genuine / ˈdʒenjuɪn / adj.真正的
prescription / prɪˈskrɪpʃn / n.处方
far-fetched / ˌfɑː ˈfetʃt /adj.牵强的；不切实际的
physiological / ˌfɪziə'lɒdʒɪk（ə）l / adj.生理学的；生理的
be due to 由于
temporary / ˈtemprəri / adj.暂时的；临时的
cumulative / ˈkjuːmjələtɪv / adj.累积的；渐增的
subject / ˈsʌbdʒɪkt ，səbˈdʒekt / n.表现对象；主题
clot / klɒt / n.凝块
dilation/ daɪˈleɪʃən / n.膨胀；扩张；扩大
nitric oxide / ˈnaɪtrɪk ˈɒksaɪd /一氧化氮
immune / ɪˈmjuːn / n.免疫
tumor/ 'tjuːmə（r）/ n.肿瘤
neurotransmitter / ˈnjʊərəʊtrænzmɪtə(r)/n.神经传递素
potent / ˈpəʊtnt / adj.有效的；强有力的
pharmaceutical /ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkl / adj.制药的；药品的
non-pharmacological 非药理学